{"id":1753,"date":"2019-05-22T02:47:44","date_gmt":"2019-05-22T02:47:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/single-post-how-to-master-thermal-analysis-and-calorimetry-analysis%ef%bc%9f\/"},"modified":"2020-05-04T13:12:05","modified_gmt":"2020-05-04T13:12:05","slug":"how-to-master-thermal-analysis-and-calorimetry-analysis%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/nasil-yapilir-termal-analiz-ve-kalorimetri-analiz%ef%bc%9f\/","title":{"rendered":"Termal analiz ve kalorimetri analizi nas\u0131l master yap\u0131l\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"vgblk-rw-wrapper limit-wrapper\">\n<div>\n<div>Termal analiz ve kalorimetri analizinin kilit noktalar\u0131na hakim olmak istiyorum\uff1f Bu makaleye bak\u0131n!<\/div>\n<div>Termal analiz ve kalorimetri analizi<\/div>\n<h2>Analysis termal analiz<\/h2>\n<div>Termal analiz, maddenin karakterizasyonunda vazge\u00e7ilmez bir rol oynayan enstr\u00fcmantal analizin \u00f6nemli bir dal\u0131d\u0131r. Uzun y\u00fczy\u0131llardan sonra, mineral ve metallerin termal analizinden \u0131s\u0131 uyand\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Son y\u0131llarda, polimer bilimi ve ila\u00e7 analizi canl\u0131l\u0131kla doludur.<\/div>\n<h3>1. termogravimetrik analiz<\/h3>\n<div>Termogravimetri Analizi (TG veya TGA), bir numunenin k\u00fctlesini, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kayb\u0131 oran\u0131n\u0131 ve kilo kayb\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 elde etmek i\u00e7in belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k program\u0131n\u0131n (yukar\u0131 \/ a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \/ sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131k) kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131nda s\u0131cakl\u0131k veya s\u00fcre ile kontrol etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131, tepe de\u011feri, biti\u015f noktas\u0131\u2026) ve ayr\u0131\u015fma art\u0131k miktar\u0131 gibi ilgili bilgiler.<\/div>\n<div>TG y\u00f6ntemi, plastik, kau\u00e7uk, kaplamalar, farmas\u00f6tikler, kataliz\u00f6rler, inorganik malzemeler, metal malzemeler ve kompozit malzemelerin ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve geli\u015ftirme, s\u00fcre\u00e7 optimizasyonu ve kalite izlemesinde yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Malzemenin farkl\u0131 atmosferlerde termal kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve oksidatif kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirlenebilir. Ayr\u0131\u015fma, adsorpsiyon, desorpsiyon, oksidasyon ve indirgeme gibi fiziksel ve kimyasal i\u015flemler, daha ileri reaksiyon kinetikleri i\u00e7in TG test sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 dahil olmak \u00fczere analiz edilebilir. Malzeme, nemi, u\u00e7ucu bile\u015fenleri ve \u00e7e\u015fitli katk\u0131 maddelerini ve dolgu maddelerini belirlemek i\u00e7in nicel olarak hesaplanabilir.<\/div>\n<div>Termogravimetrik analiz\u00f6r\u00fcn temel prensibi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/f875f9_6b1d6b69de3d4d8a9ae39dbf41b27ff6mv2-1.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>Yukar\u0131daki \u015fekilde \u00fcstten y\u00fcklemeli termogravimetrik analiz\u00f6r\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmektedir. F\u0131r\u0131n g\u00f6vdesi bir \u0131s\u0131tma g\u00f6vdesidir ve belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k program\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. F\u0131r\u0131n farkl\u0131 dinamik atmosferlere (N2, Ar, He ve di\u011fer koruyucu atmosferler, O2, hava ve di\u011fer oksitleyici atmosferler ve di\u011fer \u00f6zel atmosferler, vb.) Tabi tutulabilir veya Test vakum veya statik atmosfer alt\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Test s\u0131ras\u0131nda, numune tutucunun alt k\u0131sm\u0131na ba\u011flanan y\u00fcksek hassasiyetli terazi, numunenin mevcut a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 her an alg\u0131lar ve verileri bilgisayara iletir. Bilgisayar numune a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k \/ zaman e\u011frisine (TG e\u011frisi) kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7izer. Numunenin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fimi (nedenler ayr\u0131\u015fma, oksidasyon, indirgeme, adsorpsiyon ve desorpsiyon, vb. \u0130\u00e7erir), TG e\u011frisinde bir kilo kayb\u0131 (veya kilo al\u0131m\u0131) ad\u0131m\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnecektir, b\u00f6ylece kay\u0131p \/ kilo al\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7 bilinebilir. Olu\u015fan s\u0131cakl\u0131k b\u00f6lgesi ve kay\u0131p \/ a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k oran\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7mek. Bir termogravimetrik diferansiyel e\u011fri (DTG e\u011frisi) elde etmek i\u00e7in TG e\u011frisinde bir diferansiyel hesaplama yap\u0131l\u0131rsa, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fim h\u0131z\u0131 gibi daha fazla bilgi elde edilebilir.<\/div>\n<div>Tipik termogravimetrik e\u011fri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir:<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/f875f9_48709c386a07436a9f4bb5e27fca2fb2mv2-1.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>Harita hem s\u0131cakl\u0131k hem de zaman koordinatlar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilir.<\/div>\n<div>K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 e\u011fri: Termogravimetrik (TG) e\u011frisi, bir numunenin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 program s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda s\u0131cakl\u0131k \/ zaman\u0131n bir fonksiyonu olarak karakterize eder. Ordinat a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k y\u00fczdesidir, bu, \u00f6rne\u011fin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n mevcut s\u0131cakl\u0131kta \/ zamanda ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na oran\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div>Ye\u015fil e\u011fri: s\u0131cakl\u0131k \/ zaman ile a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fim h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 ve zirvesini karakterize eden termogravimetrik diferansiyel (DTG) e\u011frisi (yani dm \/ dt e\u011frisi, TG e\u011frisindeki her bir noktan\u0131n zaman koordinat\u0131na g\u00f6re e\u011frisi) ve zirvesi nokta karakterize edilir. Her bir kay\u0131p \/ kilo alma ad\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fim h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n en h\u0131zl\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u0131cakl\u0131k \/ zaman noktas\u0131.<\/div>\n<div>Kay\u0131p \/ b\u00fcy\u00fcme ad\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6zellik noktalar\u0131 daha yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r:<\/div>\n<div>TG e\u011frisinin ekstrapolasyon ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131: te\u011fet \u00e7izginin TG ad\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nceki seviyedeki kesi\u015fim noktas\u0131 ve e\u011frinin b\u00fck\u00fclme noktas\u0131ndaki te\u011fet noktas\u0131, kay\u0131p \/ a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kazanc\u0131 i\u015fleminin referans s\u0131cakl\u0131k noktas\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131labilir ba\u015flar ve \u00e7o\u011funlukla malzemenin termal kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 karakterize etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div>TG e\u011frisi ekstrapolasyon sonland\u0131rma noktas\u0131: te\u011fet \u00e7izginin TG ad\u0131m\u0131ndan sonraki seviyedeki kesi\u015fim noktas\u0131 ve e\u011fri b\u00fck\u00fclme noktas\u0131ndaki te\u011fet noktas\u0131, kay\u0131p \/ a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kazanc\u0131 i\u015fleminin sonunda referans s\u0131cakl\u0131k noktas\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131labilir.<\/div>\n<div>DTG e\u011frisi piki: TG e\u011frisindeki b\u00fck\u00fclme noktas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen k\u00fctle de\u011fi\u015fim h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n en y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu s\u0131cakl\u0131k \/ zaman noktas\u0131.<\/div>\n<div>K\u00fctle de\u011fi\u015fimi: Kilo kayb\u0131 (veya kilo al\u0131m\u0131) ad\u0131m\u0131ndan kaynaklanan numunenin k\u00fctle de\u011fi\u015fimini temsil etmek i\u00e7in TG e\u011frisindeki herhangi iki nokta aras\u0131ndaki k\u00fctle fark\u0131n\u0131 analiz edin.<\/div>\n<div>Art\u0131k k\u00fctle: \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn sonunda numunede kalan k\u00fctle.<\/div>\n<div>Ek olarak, yaz\u0131l\u0131mda, TG e\u011frisinin b\u00fck\u00fclme noktas\u0131 (DTG pik s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na e\u015fde\u011fer), DTG e\u011frisi ekstrapolasyon ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 (ger\u00e7ek reaksiyon ba\u015flatma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na daha yak\u0131n) ve DTG e\u011frisi ekstrapolasyon sonland\u0131rma noktas\u0131 (Karakteristik&#039;e daha yak\u0131n) ger\u00e7ek anlamda reaksiyon biti\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi parametreler i\u015faretlenmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n<h3>2. kalorimetrik analiz<\/h3>\n<div>Kalorimetri, \u00e7e\u015fitli s\u00fcre\u00e7lere e\u015flik eden \u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinin nas\u0131l \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclece\u011fini inceleyen bir disiplindir. Do\u011fru termal \u00f6zellik verileri prensip olarak kalorimetrelerle ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen kalorimetrik deneylerle elde edilebilir.<\/div>\n<div>Diferansiyel termal analiz (DTA), bir numune ve bir program aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131n\u0131 programlanm\u0131\u015f bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta \u00f6l\u00e7en bir termal analiz y\u00f6ntemidir. Diferansiyel Taramal\u0131 Kalorimetre (DSC), bir numuneye g\u00fc\u00e7 fark\u0131 ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k giri\u015fi ile programlanan s\u0131cakl\u0131k ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda bir referans aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi \u00f6l\u00e7en bir termal analiz y\u00f6ntemidir. \u0130ki y\u00f6ntemin fiziksel anlamlar\u0131 farkl\u0131d\u0131r. DTA sadece faz ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi s\u0131cakl\u0131k karakteristik noktalar\u0131n\u0131 test edebilir. DSC sadece faz de\u011fi\u015fim s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7mekle kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda faz de\u011fi\u015fimi s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki \u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimini de \u00f6l\u00e7ebilir. DTA e\u011frisindeki ekzotermik zirve ve endotermik zirvenin kesin bir fiziksel anlam\u0131 yoktur, oysa DSC e\u011frisindeki ekzotermik zirve ve endotermik zirve s\u0131ras\u0131yla \u0131s\u0131 sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve \u0131s\u0131 emilimini temsil eder. Bu nedenle, kalorimetrik analizi analiz etmek i\u00e7in DSC&#039;yi \u00f6rnek olarak kullan\u0131yoruz.<\/div>\n<div>Diferansiyel Tarama Kalorimetrisi (DSC), numune ucu ile referans ucu aras\u0131ndaki \u0131s\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc fark\u0131n\u0131n, belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k program\u0131n\u0131n (yukar\u0131 \/ a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \/ sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131k) kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131nda s\u0131cakl\u0131k veya s\u00fcre ile de\u011fi\u015fimini g\u00f6zlemlemektir. Bu \u015fekilde, s\u0131cakl\u0131k program\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda numunenin endotermik, ekzotermik, spesifik \u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimi, vb. Gibi termal etki bilgileri hesaplan\u0131r ve \u0131s\u0131 emme (\u0131s\u0131 entalpisi) ve karakteristik s\u0131cakl\u0131k (ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131, tepe de\u011feri, termik etkinin u\u00e7 noktas\u0131\u2026) hesaplan\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div>DSC y\u00f6ntemi, plastikler, kau\u00e7uk, elyaflar, kaplamalar, yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar, ila\u00e7lar, g\u0131dalar, biyolojik organizmalar, inorganik malzemeler, metal malzemeler ve kompozit malzemeler gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlarda yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Malzemelerin erime ve kristalizasyon s\u00fcrecini, cam ge\u00e7i\u015fini, Faz ge\u00e7i\u015fini, s\u0131v\u0131 kristal ge\u00e7i\u015fini, kat\u0131la\u015fmay\u0131, oksidasyon stabilitesini, reaksiyon s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve reaksiyon entalpisini, maddenin \u00f6zg\u00fcl \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve safl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7t\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m incelendi ve kristallik ve reaksiyon kinetik parametreleri hesapland\u0131.<\/div>\n<div>Is\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 diferansiyel tarama kalorimetresinin temel prensibi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir:<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/f875f9_37ddbe624cac4d359fa8e2314be8f658mv2-1.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>Yukar\u0131daki \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi gibi, numune bir numune ile paketlenir ve bir referans potas\u0131 (genellikle bo\u015f) ile birlikte sens\u00f6r diskine yerle\u015ftirilir. \u0130kisi termal olarak simetrik tutulur ve belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k program\u0131na (do\u011frusal \u0131s\u0131tma) g\u00f6re homojen bir f\u0131r\u0131nda tutulur, so\u011futma, sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bunlar\u0131n kombinasyonlar\u0131) test edilir ve s\u00fcrekli olarak \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in bir \u00e7ift termokupl (referans termokupl, numune termokupl) kullan\u0131l\u0131r. ikisi aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131. F\u0131r\u0131n g\u00f6vdesi numune \/ referans \u0131s\u0131tma i\u015flemine Fourier \u0131s\u0131 iletim denklemini kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, her iki u\u00e7taki \u0131s\u0131tma \u0131s\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 fark\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131 sinyali ile orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r, bu nedenle orijinal s\u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131 sinyali \u0131s\u0131 ile bir \u0131s\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 fark sinyaline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ak\u0131\u015f d\u00fczeltme ve zaman \/ s\u0131cakl\u0131k bir DSC haritas\u0131 elde etmek i\u00e7in S\u00fcrekli haritalama oldu\u011funu.<\/div>\n<div>Numunenin termal etkisi, referans ve numune aras\u0131nda bir \u0131s\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 dengesizli\u011fine neden olur. Termal direncin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle, referans ve numune () aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131, \u0131s\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 fark\u0131yla orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Is\u0131y\u0131 almak i\u00e7in zaman entegre edilecek: (s\u0131cakl\u0131k, termal diren\u00e7, malzeme \u00f6zellikleri\u2026)<\/div>\n<div>\u0130ki entalpinin termal simetrisi nedeniyle, referans u\u00e7 ile \u00f6rnek u\u00e7 aras\u0131ndaki sinyal fark\u0131, numunede termal etkilerin yoklu\u011funda s\u0131f\u0131ra yak\u0131nd\u0131r. Haritada \u201ctaban \u00e7izgisi\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan yakla\u015f\u0131k bir yatay \u00e7izgi elde edilir. Tabii ki, herhangi bir ger\u00e7ek cihaz\u0131n m\u00fckemmel termal simetriye ula\u015fmas\u0131 imkans\u0131zd\u0131r. Ek olarak, numune ucu ile referans ucu aras\u0131ndaki \u0131s\u0131 kapasitesi fark\u0131 genellikle tamamen yatay de\u011fildir ve belirli bir dalgalanma vard\u0131r. Bu volt genellikle \u201ctaban \u00e7izgisi kaymas\u0131\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div>Numune bir termal etkiye sahip oldu\u011funda, numune ucu ile referans ucu aras\u0131nda belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k fark\u0131 \/ \u0131s\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f sinyali fark\u0131 \u00fcretilir. Sinyal fark\u0131n\u0131 zamana \/ s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak \u00e7izerek, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakine benzer bir harita elde edilebilir:<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/f875f9_d0d4c0dfb3b844a8884d104af7994658mv2-1.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>DIN standard\u0131na ve termodinamik d\u00fczenlemelere g\u00f6re, \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterilen yukar\u0131 (pozitif de\u011fer), numunenin endotermik zirvesidir (tipik endotermik etki erime, ayr\u0131\u015fma, desorpsiyon vb.) Ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 (negatif de\u011fer) ekzotermik tepe (Tipik ekzotermik etki kristalle\u015fme, oksidasyon, kat\u0131la\u015fma, vb .&#039;dir ve \u00f6zg\u00fcl \u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimi, taban \u00e7izgisi y\u00fcksekli\u011finin, yani e\u011fri \u00fczerindeki ad\u0131m benzeri b\u00fck\u00fclmenin (tipik \u00f6zg\u00fcl \u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi) yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r. etkisi cam ge\u00e7i\u015fi, ferromanyetik ge\u00e7i\u015f vb.)).<\/div>\n<div>Harita hem s\u0131cakl\u0131k hem de zaman koordinatlar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilir.<\/div>\n<div>Emilim \/ ekzotermik tepe i\u00e7in ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131, tepe de\u011feri, biti\u015f noktas\u0131 ve tepe alan\u0131 daha yayg\u0131n olarak analiz edilebilir. Baz\u0131:<\/div>\n<div>Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131: Zirveden \u00f6nceki taban \u00e7izgisinin, tepenin solundaki b\u00fck\u00fclme noktas\u0131ndaki te\u011fete te\u011fet oldu\u011fu, genellikle bir termal etkinin (fiziksel veya kimyasal reaksiyon) ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (zaman\u0131) karakterize etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan nokta meydana gelir.<\/div>\n<div>Tepe: Emilim \/ ekzotermik etkinin en y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu s\u0131cakl\u0131k (zaman) noktas\u0131.<\/div>\n<div>Sonland\u0131rma noktas\u0131: Zirveden sonraki taban \u00e7izgisinin, zirvenin sa\u011f\u0131ndaki te\u011fete te\u011fet oldu\u011fu, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen ve genellikle bir termal etkinin (fiziksel veya kimyasal) s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 (zaman\u0131n\u0131) karakterize etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan nokta reaksiyon) sona erer.<\/div>\n<div>Alan: Fiziksel \/ kimyasal bir i\u015flem s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir numunenin birim a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan emilen \/ bo\u015falt\u0131lan \u0131s\u0131 miktar\u0131n\u0131 karakterize etmek i\u00e7in absorpsiyon \/ ekzotermik piklerin J \/ g&#039;ye entegre edilmesiyle elde edilen alan.<\/div>\n<div>Ek olarak, emilim \/ ekzotermik pikin y\u00fckseklik, geni\u015flik ve alan integral e\u011frisi gibi karakteristik parametreler yaz\u0131l\u0131mda g\u00f6sterilebilir. Spesifik \u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirme i\u015flemi i\u00e7in, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131, orta nokta, biti\u015f noktas\u0131, b\u00fck\u00fclme noktas\u0131 ve \u00f6zg\u00fcl \u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fim de\u011feri gibi parametreler analiz edilebilir.<\/div>\n<h2>\u2161. termal analiz ekipmanlar\u0131<\/h2>\n<h3>1. termogravimetrik analiz\u00f6r<\/h3>\n<div>Modern TG enstr\u00fcman\u0131 karma\u015f\u0131k bir yap\u0131ya sahiptir. Temel \u0131s\u0131tma f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 ve y\u00fcksek hassasiyetli dengeye ek olarak, elektronik kontrol par\u00e7alar\u0131, yaz\u0131l\u0131m ve bir dizi yard\u0131mc\u0131 ekipman vard\u0131r. Netzsch TG209F3&#039;\u00fcn yap\u0131s\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterilmektedir:<\/div>\n<div>Koruyucu gaz ve bo\u015faltma gaz\u0131 \u015fekilde g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Koruyucu gaz genellikle N2&#039;ye kar\u015f\u0131 inerttir. Terazinin yerle\u015ftirilebilmesi i\u00e7in Tart\u0131m odas\u0131 ve eklem ba\u011flant\u0131 alan\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla f\u0131r\u0131na ge\u00e7irilir. Nem, s\u0131cak hava konveksiyonu ve kirleticilerin numune ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n dengeyi etkilemesini \u00f6nleyen stabil ve kuru bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131. Cihaz, iki farkl\u0131 tasfiye gaz\u0131 tipinin (tasfiye1, tasfiye2) ayn\u0131 anda ba\u011flanmas\u0131na ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm s\u0131ras\u0131nda gerekti\u011finde otomatik olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine veya kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verir. Ortak bir ba\u011flant\u0131, N2&#039;nin geleneksel uygulamalar i\u00e7in etkisiz bir temizleme atmosferi olarak ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131d\u0131r; di\u011feri havaya oksitleyici bir atmosfer olarak ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Gaz kontrol aksesuarlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, geleneksel bir rotametre, solenoid valf veya daha y\u00fcksek hassasiyet ve otomasyona sahip bir k\u00fctle ak\u0131\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7er (MFC) ile donat\u0131labilir.<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/f875f9_d9b933b2623549ae814ccfe71a5079a0mv2-1.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>Gaz \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 cihaz\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde bulunur ve ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 gaz ve gazl\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnleri atmosfere bo\u015faltmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir. FTIR, QMS, GC-MS ve di\u011fer sistemlere, bu cihazlara \u00fcr\u00fcn gazlar\u0131 vermek i\u00e7in \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir transfer hatt\u0131 kullan\u0131larak da ba\u011flanabilir. Bile\u015fen alg\u0131lama. Enstr\u00fcman\u0131n \u00fcst y\u00fckleme yap\u0131s\u0131 ve do\u011fal p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz gaz yolu tasar\u0131m\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 gaz ak\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, \u00fcr\u00fcn gaz konsantrasyonunu y\u00fcksek ve sinyal histerezisini k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yapar, bu da bu sistemlerle kombinasyon i\u00e7in \u00e7ok yararl\u0131d\u0131r. geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f gaz bile\u015fenleri.<\/div>\n<div>Cihaz, f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 terazinin iki par\u00e7as\u0131ndan izole etmek i\u00e7in bir termostatik kontrol ile donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; bu, f\u0131r\u0131n y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131ktayken \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n denge mod\u00fcl\u00fcne aktar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 etkili bir \u015fekilde \u00f6nleyebilir. Ayr\u0131ca, koruyucu gaz\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan yukar\u0131ya s\u00fcrekli bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131, s\u0131cak havan\u0131n konveksiyonundan kaynaklanan \u0131s\u0131 transferini \u00f6nler ve numune tutucunun etraf\u0131ndaki radyasyon kalkanlar\u0131, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortam\u0131ndaki \u0131s\u0131 radyasyon fakt\u00f6rlerini izole eder. \u00d6nlemler, y\u00fcksek hassasiyetli dengenin sabit bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k ortam\u0131nda olmas\u0131n\u0131 ve termogravimetrik sinyalin stabilitesini sa\u011flayarak y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k b\u00f6lgesine m\u00fcdahale etmemesini sa\u011flar.<\/div>\n<h3>2. diferansiyel tarama kalorimetresi<\/h3>\n<div>Modern DSC cihazlar\u0131, temel \u0131s\u0131tma f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 ve sens\u00f6rlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra elektronik kontrol par\u00e7alar\u0131, yaz\u0131l\u0131m ve bir dizi yard\u0131mc\u0131 ekipmana ek olarak yap\u0131da daha karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fema Netzsch DSC204F1&#039;in yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir:<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/f875f9_5b5dcd01a88245c5b8a1d580e0c1e341mv2-1.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>Koruyucu gaz ve bo\u015faltma gaz\u0131 \u015fekilde g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Koruyucu gaz genellikle \u0131s\u0131tma g\u00f6vdesini koruyabilen, hizmet \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc uzatabilen ve f\u0131r\u0131n g\u00f6vdesini \u00f6nleyebilen inert N2 kullan\u0131larak f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7evresinden ge\u00e7irilir. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda buzlanman\u0131n \u00e7evre \u00fczerindeki etkisi. Cihaz, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm s\u0131ras\u0131nda gerekti\u011finde iki farkl\u0131 tahliye gaz\u0131 tipinin ayn\u0131 anda ba\u011flanmas\u0131na ve otomatik olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine veya kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verir. Geleneksel ba\u011flant\u0131, N2&#039;nin geleneksel uygulamalar i\u00e7in etkisiz bir temizleme atmosferi olarak ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131d\u0131r; di\u011feri, oksitleyici bir atmosfer olarak kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere havaya veya O2&#039;ye ba\u011flan\u0131r. Gaz kontrol aksesuarlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, geleneksel bir rotametre, solenoid valf veya daha y\u00fcksek hassasiyet ve otomasyona sahip bir k\u00fctle ak\u0131\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7er (MFC) ile donat\u0131labilir.<\/div>\n<div>Cihaz \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 so\u011futma ekipman\u0131na ba\u011flanabilir. Biri s\u0131v\u0131 azot sistemi LN2 \/ GN2 so\u011futma), biri sirk\u00fclasyonlu so\u011futma veya intracooler, di\u011feri ise so\u011futma havas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 so\u011futma y\u00f6nteminin her biri farkl\u0131 \u00f6zelliklere ve uygun uygulamalara sahiptir. Bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava nispeten basittir, minimum so\u011futma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 normal s\u0131cakl\u0131kt\u0131r, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k uygulamalar\u0131 gerektirmeyen durumlar (plastik, termoset re\u00e7ine end\u00fcstrisi vb.) \u0130\u00e7in uygundur ve genellikle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm bitiminden sonra otomatik so\u011futma olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r, b\u00f6ylece f\u0131r\u0131n g\u00f6vdesi normal s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa so\u011futulur, kolay Sonraki numunenin eklenmesi; s\u0131v\u0131 azot sistemi, mekanik so\u011futmaya g\u00f6re daha h\u0131zl\u0131 so\u011futma ve daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa (-180 \u00b0 C) d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme avantaj\u0131na sahiptir. Dezavantaj\u0131, s\u0131v\u0131 azotun kendisinin bir sarf malzemesi olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Eklemek gerekir, sarf malzemesi maliyeti fakt\u00f6rleri vard\u0131r; mekanik so\u011futma, so\u011futma h\u0131z\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131r s\u0131cakl\u0131kta s\u0131v\u0131 azottan daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmakla birlikte, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki temelde hi\u00e7bir sarf malzemesi fakt\u00f6r\u00fc her zaman kullan\u0131lamaz, bu da avantaj\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n<h2>Termal analiz ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc etkileyen deneysel fakt\u00f6rler<\/h2>\n<h3>1. Is\u0131tma oran\u0131n\u0131n termal analiz deneylerinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkisi<\/h3>\n<div>S\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131 termal analiz deneyinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00f6nemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Genel olarak, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi \u00f6zetlenebilir.<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/f875f9_ee5b49ca0632403eacd19aea6bf3a792mv2-1.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>(1) TG, DSC e\u011frisi taraf\u0131ndan temsil edilen numunenin belirli bir reaksiyonu i\u00e7in, s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f genellikle reaksiyon Ti&#039;nin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, tepe s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tp ve sonland\u0131rma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tf&#039;nin art\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u015fekildedir. H\u0131zl\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131, b\u00f6ylece reaksiyon hen\u00fcz ilerleyemedi, daha y\u00fcksek bir s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa girer, montaj reaksiyonu gecikir (yukar\u0131da resmedilmi\u015ftir).<\/div>\n<div>(2) H\u0131zl\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131, reaksiyonu y\u00fcksek bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k b\u00f6lgesinde daha y\u00fcksek bir h\u0131za itmektir, yani sadece DSC e\u011frisinin tepe s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tp artt\u0131r\u0131lmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda tepe genli\u011fi daralt\u0131l\u0131r ve zirve edilir (g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi gibi) yukar\u0131daki \u015fekil).<\/div>\n<h3>2. Numune dozaj\u0131n\u0131n ve partik\u00fcl b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn termal analiz deneylerine etkisi<\/h3>\n<div>Az miktarda numune, gaz \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn dif\u00fczyonu ve numunenin i\u00e7 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in faydal\u0131d\u0131r, s\u0131cakl\u0131k gradyan\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r ve numune s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, absorpsiyon ve ortam\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu do\u011frusal s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan sapmas\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r. numunenin \u0131s\u0131 yayma etkileri. Deneyler, pik alan\u0131n hala numunenin par\u00e7ac\u0131k b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile ili\u015fkili oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Par\u00e7ac\u0131k ne kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olursa, DSC e\u011frisinin ekzotermik zirvesinin alan\u0131 o kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck olur. Ek olarak, kaz\u0131kl\u0131 gev\u015fek numune par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, numunenin termal olarak bozulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir bo\u015fluk vard\u0131r ve par\u00e7ac\u0131klar ne kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckse, kaz\u0131k ne kadar yak\u0131n istiflenebilir ve \u0131s\u0131 iletimi iyidir. Numunenin par\u00e7ac\u0131k boyutundan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak, penguen yo\u011funlu\u011funun tekrarlanmas\u0131 \u00e7ok kolay de\u011fildir ve ayr\u0131ca TG e\u011frisi topografisini de etkiler.<\/div>\n<h3>3. Atmosferin termal analiz deneylerinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkisi<\/h3>\n<div>Reaksiyonun gaz halinde bir \u00fcr\u00fcn olu\u015fturmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, gaz \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc zaman\u0131nda uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmazsa veya gaz halindeki \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn atmosferdeki k\u0131smi bas\u0131nc\u0131 ba\u015fka yollarla artt\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa, reaksiyon y\u00fcksek bir s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa getirilir. Atmosferin termal iletkenli\u011fi iyidir, bu da sisteme daha fazla \u0131s\u0131 sa\u011flamak ve ayr\u0131\u015fma reaksiyonunun h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in faydal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7 soy gaz\u0131n argon, azot ve helyum ile s\u0131cakl\u0131k aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki s\u0131rayla artmaktad\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekil dolomitin ayr\u0131\u015fma testini g\u00f6stermektedir. Ayr\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcreci a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki iki ad\u0131mdan olu\u015fur:<\/div>\n<div>MgCO3 \u2192 MgO + CO2 \u2191<\/div>\n<div>CaCO3 \u2192 CaO + CO2 \u2191<\/div>\n<div>Geleneksel N2 temizleme ko\u015fulu alt\u0131nda, iki ayr\u0131\u015fma a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 benzerdir ve ay\u0131rma etkisi iyi de\u011fildir. MgCO3 ve CaCO3&#039;\u00fcn iki bile\u015feninin i\u00e7eri\u011fini do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde hesaplamak zordur. Bu nedenle, bu \u00f6rnekte bir tasfiye atmosferi olarak CO2 kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her iki kilo kayb\u0131 ad\u0131m\u0131 da CO2 \u00fcretti\u011finden, temizleme atmosferi olarak CO2 kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 kimyasal dengeyi etkileyecek ve reaksiyonun \u201cgecikmesine\u201d neden olacakt\u0131r (kilo kayb\u0131 oran\u0131 etkilenmez). \u0130ki a\u015famal\u0131 ayr\u0131\u015fman\u0131n &quot;gecikme derecesi&quot; ayn\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, ikinci a\u015fama a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kayb\u0131n\u0131n (CaCO3 ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131) gecikmesi daha \u00f6nemlidir. Bu \u015fekilde, ad\u0131m ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n etkisi etkili bir \u015fekilde elde edilir ve numunedeki MgCO3&#039;\u00fcn k\u00fctle oran\u0131, 44.0% (MgCO3 \/ CO2 = 1.91) olarak do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde hesaplanabilir ve CaCO3&#039;\u00fcn k\u00fctle oran\u0131 55.3%&#039;dir (CaCO3 \/ CO2 = 2.27).<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/f875f9_05b93d9e3c534af4b798dfe42415d919mv2-1.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<h3>4. Kald\u0131rma kuvveti, konveksiyon ve t\u00fcrb\u00fclans\u0131n TG e\u011frisine etkisi<\/h3>\n<div>Numune tutucusundaki ortam bo\u015flu\u011funun gaz faz yo\u011funlu\u011fu, s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile azal\u0131r ve b\u00f6ylece g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kazanc\u0131 olarak ifade edilen kald\u0131rma kuvveti azal\u0131r. Numune kab\u0131 i\u00e7in, yukar\u0131 do\u011fru akan hava g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr kilo kayb\u0131na neden olur ve iki hava t\u00fcrb\u00fclans\u0131, numune kab\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerindeki hava \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131yla ayarlanabilen potan\u0131n boyutu ve \u015fekli ile ili\u015fkili a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kazanc\u0131na neden olur, ancak TG e\u011frisi olu\u015fturulur. T\u00fcm s\u0131cakl\u0131k aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda belirgin bir k\u00fctle de\u011fi\u015fiminin olmamas\u0131 zordur.<\/div>\n<h3>5. numunenin s\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n deneysel sonu\u00e7lar \u00fczerindeki etkisi<\/h3>\n<div>Potaya y\u00fcklenen numunenin s\u0131k\u0131l\u0131k derecesi, piroliz gaz\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7evre ortam havas\u0131na dif\u00fczyonunu ve numunenin atmosfer ile temas\u0131n\u0131 etkiler. \u00d6rne\u011fin, kalsiyum oksalat monohidrat CaC2O4 \u00b7 H2O&#039;nun ikinci a\u015famas\u0131 karbon monoksit CO&#039;nun reaksiyonunu kaybeder: CaC2O4 \u00b7 H2O \u2192 CaCO3 + CO \u2191<\/div>\n<div>Ortam hava oldu\u011funda, numune gev\u015fekse ve yeterli oksitleyici atmosfere sahipse, DSC e\u011frisi, \u00f6rnek nispeten ise, CO: 2CO + O2 \u2192 2CO2&#039;nin oksidasyonu olan ekzotermik bir etkiye (pik s\u0131cakl\u0131k 511 \u00b0 C) sahiptir. Kompakt, yoklu\u011funda Oksijen durumunda, DSC e\u011frisinin endotermik bir etkisi vard\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya bak\u0131n\u0131z.<\/div>\n<div>gev\u015fek (1) ve daha fazlas\u0131 (2)<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/f875f9_095e116e93ab4bdbb03a4c5cbd7c1ad7mv2-1.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<h2>Termal analiz teknolojisi ile \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc<\/h2>\n<h3>1. Cam ge\u00e7i\u015finin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesi<\/h3>\n<div>Amorf kat\u0131lar i\u00e7in, \u0131s\u0131tma s\u0131ras\u0131nda amorf kat\u0131dan ak\u0131\u015f dinamiklerine (polimerik malzemeler i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a elastik) cam ge\u00e7i\u015fi meydana gelir. Bu i\u015flemde, \u00f6zg\u00fcl \u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimi ile birlikte, \u0131s\u0131 emme y\u00f6n\u00fcne do\u011fru bir ad\u0131m olarak DSC e\u011frisine yans\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div>\u00c7ekim. Bu analizden, malzemenin cam ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 elde edilebilir.<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/f875f9_5d1c921b57ed45ed94f21c7b6bef893amv2-1.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>Yukar\u0131daki \u015fekil bir epoksi re\u00e7ine \u00f6rne\u011finin cam ge\u00e7i\u015f testini g\u00f6stermektedir. Uluslararas\u0131 standartlara g\u00f6re, cam ge\u00e7i\u015fi genellikle 129.5 \u00b0 C olan orta noktay\u0131 al\u0131r. Spesifik \u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimi kabaca ge\u00e7i\u015fin \u015fiddetini karakterize eder.<\/div>\n<h3>2. Kristalizasyon ve erime \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc<\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/f875f9_00f6c5e758b441b2835d81addf4b97f2mv2-1.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>Kristalin erimesi, eritme i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda endotermik bir etkinin e\u015flik etti\u011fi birinci dereceden bir faz ge\u00e7i\u015fidir. DSC kullan\u0131larak, endotermik etki, erime noktas\u0131, erime entalpisi ve benzerleri gibi bilgileri elde etmek i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir.<\/div>\n<div>Yukar\u0131daki \u015fekil metalin erimesini g\u00f6stermektedir. Erime noktas\u0131 156.7 \u00b0 C&#039;dir (teorik 156.6 \u00b0 C), entalpi 28.58 J \/ g&#039;dir (teorik de\u011fer 28.6 J \/ g).<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/f875f9_b39926a479bd4b7893d537e6053789f0mv2-1.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>Yukar\u0131daki \u015fekil, \u0131s\u0131tma s\u0131ras\u0131nda amorf ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131n cam ge\u00e7i\u015fini, so\u011fuk kristalizasyonunu ve erime testini g\u00f6stermektedir. Amorf ala\u015f\u0131mlar, oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yetersiz kristalle\u015fme nedeniyle y\u00fcksek derecede amorf faza sahiptir, bu nedenle \u0131s\u0131tma s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir cam ge\u00e7i\u015fi vard\u0131r. Daha sonra bir so\u011fuk kristalle\u015ftirme piki ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar ve nihai erime piki kristalin oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ayn\u0131 anda erimesini ve so\u011fuk kristalle\u015ftirme i\u015fleminin ilave kristal k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir.<\/div>\n<h2>V. Termal analizin tipik analizi<\/h2>\n<h3>1. termal kararl\u0131l\u0131k<\/h3>\n<div>Termogravimetrik analiz\u00f6r\u00fc kullanarak, ayr\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcrecinin ilk a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 analiz ederek, malzemenin termal kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak ve kullan\u0131m s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi edinmek kolayd\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div>Termal stabiliteyi temsil edebilen s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ek a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 i\u00e7in geleneksel harici ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131labilir (TG ad\u0131m\u0131 veya DTG tepe noktas\u0131 harici ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131labilir), ancak s\u0131cakl\u0131k analiz s\u0131n\u0131r ko\u015fullar\u0131na tabidir (tanjant aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131n) Etki, bazen yeterince kararl\u0131 de\u011fil. End\u00fcstriyel alanda ve kalite kontrol durumlar\u0131nda, \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn termal stabilitesini karakterize etmek i\u00e7in 1%, 2%, 5%&#039;den fazla kilo kayb\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve hesaplama sonucu daha do\u011fru ve g\u00fcvenilirdir.<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/f875f9_9dcdcd34dd96483f96e2f82b48d4af79mv2-1.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>Yukar\u0131daki \u015fekilde, bir PCB malzemesi olarak bir laminat numunesinin 5% TD (5% a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kayb\u0131) test spektrumu g\u00f6sterilmektedir. Numune toplam \u00fc\u00e7 kez test edildi ve tekrarlanabilirlik iyiydi ve 5% TD 337.5 \u00b1 1.5 \u00b0 C aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/div>\n<h3>2. Piroliz i\u015flemi<\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/f875f9_89ed8d3d3c674dc8ba441c37be63c09cmv2-1.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>Yukar\u0131daki \u015fekil politetrafloroetilen PTFE&#039;nin termal bozunma i\u015flemi testini g\u00f6stermektedir. N2 atmosferi 700 \u00b0 C&#039;den \u00f6nce kullan\u0131ld\u0131 ve 700 \u00b0 C&#039;den sonra havaland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. PTFE y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bir malzemedir, ilk bozunma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 500 \u00b0 C veya daha y\u00fcksektir (TG d\u0131\u015f kesme ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 \u015fekilde 569.5 \u00b0 C&#039;dir) ve maksimum a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kayb\u0131 oran\u0131 noktas\u0131 (DTG pik s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131) \u00d6rnek, inert bir atmosfer alt\u0131nda 100% tamamen a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kayb\u0131 olmu\u015ftur ve karbon kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015fmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu, daha fazla kilo kayb\u0131 olmadan grafikten havaya ge\u00e7erek do\u011frulanabilir. C-DTA e\u011frisi ek olarak 330.6 \u00b0 C s\u0131cakl\u0131kta PTFE&#039;nin erime zirvesini verir.<\/div>\n<h3>3. bile\u015fen analizi<\/h3>\n<div>Bir termogravimetrik analiz\u00f6r kullan\u0131larak, bir\u00e7ok malzemenin i\u00e7 bile\u015fen oran\u0131, uygun bir \u0131s\u0131tma h\u0131z\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm atmosferi kullan\u0131larak ve farkl\u0131 atmosferler aras\u0131nda rasyonel olarak d\u00fczenlenerek \u00e7ok a\u015famal\u0131 kilo kayb\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re hesaplanabilir.<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/f875f9_8cccc2585491470ebc6c7130ffcbd68emv2-1.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>Yukar\u0131daki \u015fekil cam elyaf takviyeli PA66&#039;n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kayb\u0131 proses analizini g\u00f6stermektedir. 850 \u00b0 C&#039;den \u00f6nce N2 kullan\u0131n, 850 \u00b0 C&#039;den sonra havaya ge\u00e7in. \u015eekilden, kilo kayb\u0131n\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki a\u015famalara ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir:<\/div>\n<div>1. 1.300 \u00b0 C&#039;den \u00f6nce az miktarda kilo kayb\u0131: a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kayb\u0131 0.6%. Malzemede ve baz\u0131 organik u\u00e7ucularda adsorbe edilen nem olabilir.<\/div>\n<div>2. 300 ~ 850 \u00b0 C: Ana kilo kayb\u0131 ad\u0131m\u0131, kilo kayb\u0131 63.4%&#039;dir. PA66&#039;n\u0131n ayr\u0131\u015fmas\u0131.<\/div>\n<div>3. 850 \u00b0 C&#039;de havaya ge\u00e7tikten sonra: a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kayb\u0131 1.5%&#039;dir, bu da karbon \u0131s\u0131 kayb\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelir (PA66 bozunma \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc).<\/div>\n<div>Kal\u0131nt\u0131 kalite: 34.5%. Ayr\u0131\u015fmayan veya oksitlemeyen bir cam elyaf bile\u015fen olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div>Yukar\u0131daki analizden, numunedeki PA66 oran\u0131 64.9% (63.4 + 1.5) olarak hesaplanabilir. Cam elyaf oran\u0131 34.5%&#039;dir. Geri kalan nem \/ u\u00e7ucu fraksiyon 0.6% idi.<\/div>\n<h3>4. u\u00e7ucu s\u00fcblimasyon<\/h3>\n<div>Bir termogravimetrik analiz\u00f6r kullan\u0131larak bir nesil numunenin (ya\u011flama ya\u011f\u0131 gibi) buharla\u015fma i\u015flemi test edilebilir ve stabilitesi karakterize edilebilir.<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/f875f9_f8f7970234144ae5a5d34821575c1e8emv2-1.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>Yukar\u0131daki \u015fekilde perfloropolimer ya\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n buharla\u015fma i\u015flemi testi g\u00f6sterilmektedir. S\u0131cakl\u0131k program\u0131, oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan 130 \u00b0 C&#039;ye y\u00fckseltildi ve sabit bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta tutuldu. \u015eekil 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 dakikada k\u00fctle y\u00fczdesini ve 13.9 dakikada en h\u0131zl\u0131 odak kayb\u0131n\u0131 ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen DTG a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kayb\u0131 oran\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir. Benzer \u015fekilde TG, depolama stabilitelerini karakterize etmek i\u00e7in kafur gibi baz\u0131 kat\u0131 numunelerin buharla\u015fma (s\u00fcblimasyon) s\u00fcrecini de \u00f6l\u00e7ebilir.<\/div>\n<h3>5. adsorpsiyon ve desorpsiyon<\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/f875f9_d1d590b67b434b1a9b6ae4263adff48bmv2-1.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>Yukar\u0131daki \u015fekil, farkl\u0131 nem ortamlar\u0131 alt\u0131nda STA cihaz\u0131 \u00fczerinde test edilen kilin dehidrasyon ve su emme i\u015flemini g\u00f6stermektedir. Test, belirli bir nemin tahliye atmosferini olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in bir nem jenerat\u00f6r\u00fc kullan\u0131larak yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 \u00b0 C&#039;lik sabit bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. 5% ba\u011f\u0131l nemin daha kuru bir temizleme atmosferi alt\u0131nda, numunenin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kayb\u0131 0.81% olan bir dehidrasyon i\u015flemi sergiledi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Atmosfer 25% ba\u011f\u0131l neme \u00e7evrildi\u011finde, numune 1.66% a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kazanc\u0131 ile su emilimi sergiledi. 50% ve 75% ba\u011f\u0131l neme m\u00fcteakip, numunelerin tamam\u0131 suyu emdi ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kazanc\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131yla 1.38% ve 2.82% idi. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, mavi DSC e\u011frisinde, su emme i\u015fleminin ekzotermik etkisi ve entalpisi g\u00f6zlenebilir.<\/div>\n<h3>6. So\u011futma h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n kristalli\u011fe etkisi<\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/f875f9_d9fca7a4e1e845b782a7c450bbf9f5a9mv2-1.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>Yukar\u0131daki \u015fekil, ba\u015fka bir PET numunesi farkl\u0131 bir so\u011futma h\u0131z\u0131 kullan\u0131larak erimi\u015f halden normal bir s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa so\u011futulduktan sonra ba\u015fka bir ikinci s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile elde edilen sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. So\u011futma h\u0131z\u0131 ne kadar h\u0131zl\u0131 olursa, numunenin kristalle\u015fmesi o kadar az olur ve ikinci \u0131s\u0131tma ile elde edilen so\u011fuk kristalle\u015fme tepe alan\u0131 ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck olursa, kristallik o kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olur.<\/div>\n<div>Farkl\u0131 kristallilik, malzemenin mekanik \u00f6zelliklerini (esneklik, s\u00fcneklik, darbe direnci vb.), Optik \u00f6zellikleri, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc direncini ve i\u015flenebilirli\u011fi etkileyecektir. Bu nedenle, termoplastiklerin \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecinde, kristallik ayr\u0131ca tespit ve kontrol i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir g\u00f6stergedir.<\/div>\n<h3>7. Oksidasyon kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h3>\n<div>Malzemenin oksidatif stabilitesi DSC kullan\u0131larak test edilebilir. Spesifik test y\u00f6ntemleri OIT y\u00f6ntemini ve dinamik s\u0131cakl\u0131k oksidasyon y\u00f6ntemini i\u00e7erir.<\/div>\n<div>Oksidasyon ind\u00fcksiyon s\u00fcresi (OIT) plastik end\u00fcstrisi i\u00e7in standart bir test y\u00f6ntemidir. Sabit s\u0131cakl\u0131k genellikle 200 \u00b0 C&#039;dir, ancak oksidasyon s\u00fcresinin uzunlu\u011funa g\u00f6re uygun yukar\u0131 \/ a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ayar\u0131 yap\u0131labilir. Farkl\u0131 \u00f6rnek partilerinin oksidasyon ind\u00fcksiyon zaman\u0131 (OIT) fark\u0131na g\u00f6re, malzemelerin anti-oksidasyon performans\u0131 fark\u0131 ve farkl\u0131 anti-oksidasyon katk\u0131 maddelerinin anti-oksidasyon etkisi kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir ve dolayl\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131labilir. malzemelerin ya\u015flanma kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 \u00f6zelliklerinin fark\u0131. \u0130lgili \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm standartlar\u0131: DIN EN 728, ISO \/ TR 10837, ASTM D 3895.<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/f875f9_20e235cc848b4811945b6e90623ee5d2mv2-1.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>Yukar\u0131daki resim, ulusal standart y\u00f6nteme uygun olarak polietilen plastik partik\u00fcl OIT testini g\u00f6stermektedir. Numune yakla\u015f\u0131k 15 mg&#039;a tart\u0131ld\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131k bir Al potaya yerle\u015ftirildi ve 50 ml \/ dakika N2 korumas\u0131 alt\u0131nda 200 \u00b0 C&#039;ye kadar \u0131l\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131 ve 5 dakika sonra 02&#039;ye ge\u00e7irildi. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fclen oksidasyon ind\u00fcksiyon periyodu (ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7taki O2&#039;ye ge\u00e7i\u015ften oksidatif ekzotermik zirvenin ekstrapolasyon ba\u015flama noktas\u0131na kadar ge\u00e7en s\u00fcre fark\u0131) 40.1 dakikad\u0131r.<\/div>\n<h3>8. k\u00fcr testi<\/h3>\n<div>DSC, \u0131s\u0131yla sertle\u015fen re\u00e7inelerin (epoksi re\u00e7ineleri, fenolik re\u00e7ineleri, vb.) Ve ayr\u0131ca kaplamalar\u0131, yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 ve benzerlerinin sertle\u015ftirme i\u015flemini \u00f6l\u00e7ebilir.<\/div>\n<div>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekil, cam elyaf takviyeli epoksi re\u00e7ine (GFEP) prepreginin s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131 sertle\u015ftirme testini g\u00f6stermektedir. K\u00fcrlenmemi\u015f prepreg, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir cam ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na (101.5 \u00b0 C) sahiptir ve \u0131s\u0131tma i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda kat\u0131la\u015f\u0131r. DSC e\u011frisinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ekzotermik tepe g\u00f6sterir (\u015fekilde \u015eekil 136.4, 158.9 \u00b0 C \u00e7ift tepe, entalpi k\u00fcrlenmesi 43.10) J \/ g); ikinci bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in so\u011futulduktan sonra, re\u00e7ine kat\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, cam ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 142.4 \u00b0 C&#039;ye y\u00fckseltilir ve sertle\u015fen ekzotermik zirve art\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez.<\/div>\n<div>Not: Epoksi re\u00e7ineleri i\u00e7in cam ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, sertle\u015fme derecesinin do\u011frusall\u0131\u011f\u0131na yak\u0131nd\u0131r. Sertle\u015fme derecesi ne kadar y\u00fcksek olursa, malzemenin i\u00e7 \u00e7apraz ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 o kadar eksiksiz olur, segmentin hareketlili\u011fi o kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olur ve cam ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 o kadar y\u00fcksek olur.<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/f875f9_fc8c9e17d5924d6a82f8ffc8dd8c8f3cmv2-1.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<h3>9. faz de\u011fi\u015fim testi<\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/f875f9_0ebbef171a2b494da272d5b86abf8228mv2-1.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>Yukar\u0131daki \u015fekilde, \u0131s\u0131tma i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda demirin faz de\u011fi\u015fim testi g\u00f6sterilmektedir. 771.5 \u00b0 C&#039;deki endotermik tepe Curie noktas\u0131 ge\u00e7i\u015fidir ve malzeme ferromanyeteden paramanyetik hale d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. 918.6 \u00b0 C ve 1404.1 \u00b0 C&#039;deki endotermik tepe, iki kafes yap\u0131 (bcc g\u00f6vde merkezi - fcc y\u00fcz merkezi) aras\u0131ndaki ge\u00e7i\u015ftir. Netzsch SC404 \/ STA449, y\u00fcksek vakumlu hermetik bir yap\u0131ya ve y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda oksidasyonu \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in numunelerin saf inert bir atmosferde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in benzersiz bir OTS oksijen adsorpsiyon sistemine sahip tam otomatik bir vakum sistemine sahiptir.<\/div>\n<h3>10. polimorf<\/h3>\n<div>Polimorfizm, bir maddenin iki veya daha fazla farkl\u0131 kristal yap\u0131da mevcut olabilece\u011fi olgusunu ifade eder. \u00c7e\u015fitli kristal formlar\u0131 farkl\u0131 fiziksel ve kimyasal \u00f6zelliklere sahiptir ve belirli ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda birbirlerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilir.<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/f875f9_c0e0b8d3066e4bfba2317c6bd5a5ad98mv2-1.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>Yukar\u0131daki \u015fekilde, Sulfathiazole ilac\u0131n\u0131n DSC \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc g\u00f6sterilmektedir. \u015eekildeki 173.7 \u00b0 C&#039;deki endotermik tepe, daha sonra Form I&#039;e d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclen Form III&#039;\u00fcn erimesidir. 196.2 \u00b0 C&#039;deki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck endotermik tepe Form II&#039;nin erimesidir ve 201.4 \u00b0 C&#039;deki endotermik tepe, Form I&#039;in erimesi<\/div>\n<h3>11. \u00f6zg\u00fcl \u0131s\u0131 testi<\/h3>\n<div>Test prensibi<\/div>\n<div>Termal fizi\u011fin tan\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re, \u00f6zg\u00fcl \u0131s\u0131 kapasitesi c (genel termal analizde yer alan sabit termal \u00f6zg\u00fcl \u0131s\u0131 kapasitesi Cp), belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta numunenin birim k\u00fctlesi ba\u015f\u0131na birim s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in gereken enerjidir. Yani: Cp = Q \/ (m * \u25b3 T), birim J \/ g * K<\/div>\n<div>Bu denklemi biraz de\u011fi\u015ftirin:<\/div>\n<div>Q = Cp * m * \u25b3 T<\/div>\n<div>Daha sonra zaman\u0131 ay\u0131rt edin, \u0131s\u0131tma i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda numunenin endotermik g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc al\u0131n q = dQ \/ dt, \u0131s\u0131tma oran\u0131 HR = dT \/ dt, yani: q = Cp * m * HR<\/div>\n<div>Is\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f tipi DSC kullan\u0131larak, belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki bilinmeyen spesifik \u0131s\u0131 numunesi sam&#039;in endotermik g\u00fcc\u00fc q ve belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta bilinen spesifik \u0131s\u0131 standard\u0131 \u00f6rnek std s\u0131ras\u0131yla dinamik bir \u0131s\u0131tma h\u0131z\u0131nda ayn\u0131 \u0131s\u0131tma h\u0131z\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcr ve elde edilir:<\/div>\n<div>Qsam = KT * (DSCsam - DSCbsl) = Cpsam * msam * HR<\/div>\n<div>Qstd = KT * (DSCstd - DSCbsl) = Cpstd * mstd * \u0130K<\/div>\n<div>KT, belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki DSC orijinal sinyalinin (birim uV) bir \u0131s\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f sinyaline (birim mW) d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebildi\u011fi \u0131s\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f sens\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn hassasiyet katsay\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. DSCbsl, bir \u00e7ift bo\u015fluk kullan\u0131larak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen bir taban \u00e7izgisidir ve numunenin ve standard\u0131n \u0131s\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcrken \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r.<\/div>\n<div>Yukar\u0131daki iki denklemi b\u00f6l\u00fcn ve KT ve HR elde etmek i\u00e7in birbirleri ile b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr:<\/div>\n<div>(DSCsam - DSCbsl) \/ (DSCstd - DSCbsl) =<\/div>\n<div>(Cpsam * msam) \/ (Cpstd * mstd)<\/div>\n<div>Hafif bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik, yani belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta numunenin sabit bas\u0131nca \u00f6zg\u00fc \u0131s\u0131 kapasitesi:<\/div>\n<div>Cpsam = Cpstd \u00d7 [(DSCsam - DSCbsl) \/ msam] \/ [(DSCstd - DSCbsl) \/ mstd] = Cpstd \u00d7 DSCsam, rel, alt \/ DSCstd, rel, alt<\/div>\n<div>DSCxxx, rel, sub, taban \u00e7izgisi veya referans\u0131n \u03bcV \/ mg cinsinden ba\u011f\u0131l koordinatlarda taban \u00e7izgisinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra DSC sinyalini temsil eder.<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/f875f9_0ff16e0751234fe6b8f8ef11d1007577mv2-1.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>Yukar\u0131daki \u015fekil, RT ~ 1000 \u00b0 C aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k DSC&#039;de \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen saf bir bak\u0131r numunenin \u00f6zg\u00fcl \u0131s\u0131 de\u011ferini (ye\u015fil e\u011fri) ve literat\u00fcr de\u011feri (mavi e\u011fri) ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- .vgblk-rw-wrapper --><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Want to master the key points of thermal analysis and calorimetry analysis\uff1f Refer this article is enough! Thermal analysis and calorimetry analysis \u2160.thermal analysis Thermal analysis is an important branch of instrumental analysis, which plays an irreplaceable role in the characterization of matter. After a long period of centuries, the heat has been aroused from&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1753"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1753"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1753\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1753"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1753"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1753"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}