{"id":20041,"date":"2020-09-14T09:18:21","date_gmt":"2020-09-14T09:18:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/?p=20041"},"modified":"2020-09-14T09:18:22","modified_gmt":"2020-09-14T09:18:22","slug":"can-you-distinguish-quenching-tempering-normalizing-and-annealing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/ayirt-edebilir-misin-sondurme-tavlama-normallestirme-ve-tavlama\/","title":{"rendered":"Su verme, Temperleme, normalle\u015ftirme ve tavlamay\u0131 ay\u0131rt edebilir misiniz?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Metal par\u00e7alar\u0131n gerekli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma performans\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in genellikle \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem i\u015flemi gereklidir. Is\u0131l i\u015flem s\u00fcreci genellikle \u0131s\u0131tma, \u0131s\u0131 koruma ve so\u011futmay\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Farkl\u0131 i\u015flemler nedeniyle su verme, tavlama, normalle\u015ftirme, tavlama vb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme nedir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7eli\u011fin s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, \u00e7eli\u011fin AC3 (hipo\u00f6tektoid \u00e7elik) veya AC1 (hiper\u00f6tektoid \u00e7elik) kritik s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bir s\u00fcre tutuldu\u011fu ve daha sonra h\u0131zla MS'in alt\u0131na (veya MS yak\u0131n\u0131nda izotermal) so\u011futuldu\u011fu bir \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flemdir. martensit (veya beynit) d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in kritik so\u011futma h\u0131z\u0131ndan daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir so\u011futma h\u0131z\u0131nda. Genellikle al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131, bak\u0131r ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131, titanyum ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131, temperli cam ve di\u011fer malzemelerin \u00e7\u00f6zelti i\u015flemine veya h\u0131zl\u0131 so\u011futma i\u015flemi ile \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem i\u015flemine su verme denir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

S\u00f6nd\u00fcrmenin amac\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) Metal \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin veya par\u00e7alar\u0131n mekanik \u00f6zelliklerini iyile\u015ftirin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) Baz\u0131 \u00f6zel \u00e7eliklerin malzeme \u00f6zelliklerini veya kimyasal \u00f6zelliklerini iyile\u015ftirin. Paslanmaz \u00e7eli\u011fin korozyon direncini geli\u015ftirmek ve manyetik \u00e7eli\u011fin kal\u0131c\u0131 manyetizmas\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak gibi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7elik i\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131, su verme i\u015fleminden sonra a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6zelliklere sahiptir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2460 Martensit, beynit ve kal\u0131nt\u0131 \u00f6stenit gibi dengesiz (yani karars\u0131z) yap\u0131lar elde edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2461 B\u00fcy\u00fck bir i\u00e7 stres vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2462 Mekanik \u00f6zellikler gereksinimleri kar\u015f\u0131layamaz. Bu nedenle, demir ve \u00e7elik par\u00e7alar genellikle su verme i\u015fleminden sonra tavlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

temperleme nedir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Temperleme, su verilmi\u015f metal \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin veya par\u00e7alar\u0131n belirli bir s\u00fcre bekletildikten sonra belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131p belirli bir \u015fekilde so\u011futuldu\u011fu bir \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flemdir. Temperleme, su verme i\u015fleminden hemen sonra yap\u0131lan bir i\u015flemdir ve genellikle i\u015f par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flemi i\u00e7in son i\u015flemdir. Bu nedenle, su verme ve tavlaman\u0131n birle\u015fik i\u015flemine son i\u015flem denir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Su verme ve temperlemenin temel amac\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) \u0130\u00e7 gerilimi ve k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131\u011f\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in, s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclen par\u00e7alar b\u00fcy\u00fck gerilim ve k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131\u011fa sahiptir. Zaman\u0131nda temperlenmezse deformasyon ve hatta \u00e7atlama meydana gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) \u0130\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n mekanik \u00f6zelliklerini ayarlay\u0131n. S\u00f6nd\u00fcrme i\u015fleminden sonra i\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131 y\u00fcksek sertli\u011fe ve k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131\u011fa sahiptir. \u00c7e\u015fitli i\u015f par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 performans gereksinimlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in sertlik, mukavemet, plastisite ve tokluk temperleme ile ayarlanabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) \u0130\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131 boyutunu sabitleyin. Metalografik yap\u0131, sonraki kullan\u0131mda deformasyon olmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in temperleme ile stabilize edilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4) Baz\u0131 ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7eliklerin i\u015flenebilirli\u011fini iyile\u015ftirin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Temperlemenin etkisi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2460 Yap\u0131n\u0131n stabilitesini geli\u015ftirin, b\u00f6ylece i\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 kullan\u0131m s\u00fcrecinde de\u011fi\u015fmez, b\u00f6ylece i\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n geometrik boyutu ve performans\u0131 sabit kal\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2461 \u0130\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n performans\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek ve i\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n geometrik boyutunu stabilize etmek i\u00e7in i\u00e7 gerilim ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2462 Kullan\u0131m gereksinimlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in \u00e7eli\u011fin mekanik \u00f6zelliklerini ayarlay\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Temperlemenin bu etkilere sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni, s\u0131cakl\u0131k y\u00fckseldi\u011finde atomik aktivite kabiliyetinin artmas\u0131 ve demir ve \u00e7elikteki demir, karbon ve di\u011fer ala\u015f\u0131m elementlerinin atomlar\u0131n\u0131n, atomlar\u0131n yeniden d\u00fczenlenmesini ve birle\u015fimini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in h\u0131zla yay\u0131labilmesidir. karars\u0131z dengesiz yap\u0131n\u0131n kademeli olarak kararl\u0131 denge yap\u0131s\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi. \u0130\u00e7 stresin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n artmas\u0131yla metal mukavemetinin azalmas\u0131yla da ilgilidir. Temperlendi\u011finde \u00e7eli\u011fin sertli\u011fi ve mukavemeti azal\u0131r ve plastisitesi artar. Temperleme s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ne kadar y\u00fcksek olursa, bu mekanik \u00f6zelliklerin de\u011fi\u015fimi o kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck olur. Y\u00fcksek ala\u015f\u0131m elementi i\u00e7eri\u011fine sahip baz\u0131 ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7elikler, belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda temperlendi\u011finde baz\u0131 ince metal bile\u015fiklerini \u00e7\u00f6keltecek ve bu da mukavemeti ve sertli\u011fi art\u0131racakt\u0131r. Bu olaya ikincil sertle\u015fme denir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Temperleme gereksinimleri: Farkl\u0131 kullan\u0131mlara sahip i\u015f par\u00e7alar\u0131, kullan\u0131mdaki gereksinimleri kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda tavlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2460 Aletler, yataklar, karbonlanm\u0131\u015f ve su verilmi\u015f par\u00e7alar ve y\u00fczey sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f par\u00e7alar genellikle 250 \u2103'nin alt\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda temperlenir. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta tavlamadan sonra sertlik \u00e7ok az de\u011fi\u015fir, i\u00e7 gerilim azal\u0131r ve tokluk biraz artar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2461 Yay\u0131 350 \uff5e 500 \u2103 s\u0131cakl\u0131kta tavlayarak y\u00fcksek elastikiyet ve gerekli tokluk elde edilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2462 Orta karbonlu yap\u0131sal \u00e7elikten yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f par\u00e7alar, iyi bir mukavemet ve tokluk kombinasyonu elde etmek i\u00e7in genellikle 500 ~ 600 \u2103'de tavlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcretimde, genellikle i\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n performans gereksinimlerine dayan\u0131r. Farkl\u0131 \u0131s\u0131tma s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6re tavlama, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta tavlama, orta s\u0131cakl\u0131kta tavlama ve y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta tavlama olarak ayr\u0131labilir. Su verme ve m\u00fcteakip y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta tavlama kombine \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem prosesi, y\u00fcksek mukavemet ve iyi plastisite ve toklu\u011fa sahip olan su verme ve tavlama olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta tavlama: 150-250 \u2103, m d\u00f6ng\u00fcler, i\u00e7 gerilimi ve k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131\u011f\u0131 azalt\u0131r, plastisiteyi ve toklu\u011fu iyile\u015ftirir ve y\u00fcksek sertlik ve a\u015f\u0131nma direncine sahiptir. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fc aletleri, kesici aletler ve rulmanlar yapmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) Orta s\u0131cakl\u0131kta tavlama: 350-500 \u2103, t d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc, y\u00fcksek elastikiyet, plastisite ve sertlik. Yaylar, d\u00f6vme kal\u0131plar\u0131 vb. yapmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) Y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta tavlama: \u0130yi kapsaml\u0131 mekanik \u00f6zelliklere sahip 500-650 \u2103, s d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc. Di\u015fliler, krank milleri vb. yapmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Normalle\u015ftirmek nedir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Normalle\u015ftirme, \u00e7eli\u011fin toklu\u011funu iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in bir \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flemdir. \u00c7elik elemanlar AC3 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 30-50 \u2103 \u00fczerine kadar \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra bir s\u00fcre bekletilir ve ard\u0131ndan f\u0131r\u0131ndan so\u011futulur. Ana \u00f6zelli\u011fi, so\u011futma h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n tavlama h\u0131z\u0131ndan daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ve s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme h\u0131z\u0131ndan daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Normalle\u015ftirme s\u0131ras\u0131nda, kristalize \u00e7elik taneleri biraz daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bir so\u011futma ile rafine edilebilir, bu sadece tatmin edici bir g\u00fc\u00e7 elde etmekle kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda toklu\u011fu (Akv de\u011feri) \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde iyile\u015ftirir ve bile\u015fenlerin \u00e7atlama e\u011filimini azalt\u0131r. Baz\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 s\u0131cak haddelenmi\u015f \u00e7elik levhalar\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7elik d\u00f6vmeleri ve d\u00f6k\u00fcmleri normalle\u015ftirdikten sonra, malzemelerin kapsaml\u0131 mekanik \u00f6zellikleri b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde iyile\u015ftirilebilir ve kesme \u00f6zellikleri de geli\u015ftirilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Normalle\u015ftirme a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ama\u00e7lara ve kullan\u0131mlara sahiptir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2460 \u00d6tektoid alt\u0131 \u00e7elik i\u00e7in, normalle\u015ftirme, d\u00f6k\u00fcm, d\u00f6vme ve kaynak par\u00e7alar\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131s\u0131nan kaba tane yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve widmanstatten yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve haddelenmi\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde bantl\u0131 yap\u0131y\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmak, tane boyutunu iyile\u015ftirmek ve su verme \u00f6ncesi \u00f6n \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem olarak kullanmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2461 \u00d6tektoid \u00fcst\u00fc \u00e7elik i\u00e7in normalle\u015ftirme, a\u011f ikincil sementitini ortadan kald\u0131rabilir ve perliti iyile\u015ftirebilir, bu da yaln\u0131zca mekanik \u00f6zellikleri iyile\u015ftirmekle kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda daha sonraki k\u00fcreselle\u015ftirme tavlamas\u0131na da fayda sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2462 D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu derin \u00e7ekme \u00e7elik sac i\u00e7in normalle\u015ftirme, derin \u00e7ekme \u00f6zelli\u011fini geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in tane s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndaki serbest sementiti ortadan kald\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2463 For low carbon steel and low-carbon low alloy steel, more fine pearlite structure can be obtained by normalizing, and the hardness can be increased to hb140-190. The phenomenon of “sticking to the tool” can be avoided and the machinability can be improved. For medium carbon steel, it is more economical and convenient to normalize and anneal medium carbon steel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2464 S\u0131radan orta karbonlu yap\u0131 \u00e7eli\u011fi i\u00e7in, mekanik \u00f6zelliklerin gerekli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta su verme ve temperleme yerine normalle\u015ftirme kullan\u0131labilir. Bu y\u00f6ntemin kullan\u0131m\u0131 sadece kolay olmakla kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7eli\u011fin yap\u0131s\u0131 ve boyutu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da stabildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2465 Y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta normalle\u015ftirme (AC3'\u00fcn 150-200 \u2103 \u00fczerinde) y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta y\u00fcksek dif\u00fczyon h\u0131z\u0131 nedeniyle d\u00f6k\u00fcm ve d\u00f6vme par\u00e7alar\u0131n bile\u015fim ayr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 azaltabilir. Y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k normalle\u015ftirmesinden sonra iri taneler, ikinci d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k normalle\u015ftirmesi ile rafine edilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2466 Buhar t\u00fcrbinlerinde ve kazanlarda kullan\u0131lan baz\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve orta karbonlu ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7elikler i\u00e7in beynit yap\u0131 genellikle normalize edilerek ve daha sonra y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta temperlenerek elde edilir. 400-550 \u2103'de kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda iyi s\u00fcr\u00fcnme direncine sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2467 \u00c7elik ve \u00e7eli\u011fe ek olarak, normalle\u015ftirme, perlit matrisi elde etmek ve sfero d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in sfero d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn \u0131s\u0131l i\u015fleminde de yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Normalle\u015ftirme, hava so\u011futmas\u0131 ile karakterize edildi\u011finden, ortam hava s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, istifleme modu, hava ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve i\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131 boyutu, normalle\u015ftirmeden sonra mikro yap\u0131 ve \u00f6zellikler \u00fczerinde etkilere sahiptir. Normalle\u015ftirme yap\u0131s\u0131, ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7eli\u011fin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemi olarak da kullan\u0131labilir. Ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7elikler, 25 mm \u00e7ap\u0131nda bir numune i\u00e7in 900 \u2103'ye \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra hava so\u011futmas\u0131yla elde edilen mikro yap\u0131ya g\u00f6re genellikle perlitik \u00e7elik, beynit \u00e7elik, martensit \u00e7elik ve \u00f6stenitik \u00e7elik olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

tavlama nedir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tavlama, metalin belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa yava\u015f yava\u015f \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, yeterli s\u00fcre muhafaza edildi\u011fi ve ard\u0131ndan uygun bir h\u0131zda so\u011futuldu\u011fu bir t\u00fcr metal \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flemdir. Tavlama, tam tavlama, eksik tavlama ve gerilim giderme tavlama olarak ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Tavlanm\u0131\u015f malzemelerin mekanik \u00f6zellikleri, \u00e7ekme testi veya sertlik testi ile test edilebilir. Bir\u00e7ok \u00e7elik tavlama \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flemi durumunda tedarik edilir. Rockwell sertlik test cihaz\u0131, HRB sertli\u011fini test etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir. \u0130nce \u00e7elik levha, \u00e7elik \u015ferit ve ince duvarl\u0131 \u00e7elik boru i\u00e7in, HRT sertli\u011fini tespit etmek i\u00e7in y\u00fczey Rockwell sertlik test cihaz\u0131 kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tavlaman\u0131n amac\u0131:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2460 D\u00f6k\u00fcm, d\u00f6vme, haddeleme ve kaynak i\u015flemlerinde her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yap\u0131sal kusurlar\u0131 ve art\u0131k gerilmeleri iyile\u015ftirebilir veya ortadan kald\u0131rabilir, i\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n deformasyonunu ve \u00e7atlamas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2461 \u0130\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 kesim i\u00e7in yumu\u015fat\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2462 \u0130\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n mekanik \u00f6zellikleri, tane inceltilerek ve mikro yap\u0131 geli\u015ftirilerek iyile\u015ftirilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2463 Son \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem (su verme ve tavlama) i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlan\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ortak tavlama i\u015flemleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2460 Tamamen tavlanm\u0131\u015f. D\u00f6k\u00fcm, d\u00f6vme ve kaynak sonras\u0131 zay\u0131f mekanik \u00f6zelliklere sahip orta ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu \u00e7eli\u011fin kaba a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131s\u0131nm\u0131\u015f yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131, t\u00fcm ferritin ostenite d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 30-50 \u2103 \u00fczerine \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bir s\u00fcre saklay\u0131n ve ard\u0131ndan f\u0131r\u0131nla yava\u015f\u00e7a so\u011futun. So\u011futma i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda ostenit tekrar d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr ve \u00e7eli\u011fin mikro yap\u0131s\u0131 daha ince hale gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2461 K\u00fcreselle\u015ftirme tavlama. Tak\u0131m \u00e7eli\u011fi ve yatak \u00e7eli\u011finin d\u00f6vme sonras\u0131 y\u00fcksek sertli\u011fini azaltmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131, \u00f6stenitin olu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 20-40 \u2103 \u00fczerine \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, perlit i\u00e7indeki lamel sementit so\u011futma s\u0131ras\u0131nda k\u00fcresel hale gelir, b\u00f6ylece sertli\u011fi azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2462 \u0130zotermal tavlama. Y\u00fcksek nikel ve krom i\u00e7erikli baz\u0131 ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 yap\u0131 \u00e7eliklerinin y\u00fcksek sertliklerini kesmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Genel olarak, \u00f6stenit, \u00f6stenitin en dengesiz s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bir h\u0131zda so\u011futulur ve \u00f6stenit, troostite veya sorbit'e d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr ve sertlik azalt\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2463 Yeniden kristalle\u015fme tavlamas\u0131. So\u011fuk \u00e7ekme ve so\u011fuk haddeleme i\u015fleminde metal tel ve sac\u0131n sertle\u015fme olgusunu ortadan kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r (sertli\u011fi artt\u0131r\u0131r ve plastisiteyi azalt\u0131r). Is\u0131tma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 genellikle ostenitin olu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 50-150 \u2103 alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Ancak bu \u015fekilde, sertle\u015ftirme etkisi ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131labilir ve metal yumu\u015fat\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2464 Grafitle\u015ftirme tavlamas\u0131. \u00c7ok fazla sementit i\u00e7eren d\u00f6kme demiri iyi plastisiteye sahip d\u00f6v\u00fclebilir d\u00f6kme demir haline getirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Teknolojik i\u015flem, d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fc yakla\u015f\u0131k 950 \u2103'ye \u0131s\u0131tmak ve belirli bir s\u00fcre beklettikten sonra uygun \u015fekilde so\u011futmak, b\u00f6ylece sementit ayr\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve flok\u00fclent grafit olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2465 Dif\u00fczyon tavlama. Ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn kimyasal bile\u015fimini homojenize etmek ve servis performans\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Erime olmamas\u0131 ko\u015fuluyla, d\u00f6k\u00fcm m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r ve uzun s\u00fcre s\u0131cak tutulur ve ard\u0131ndan ala\u015f\u0131mdaki elementler e\u015fit olarak da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra yava\u015f yava\u015f so\u011futulur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2466 Gerilim giderme tavlamas\u0131. \u00c7elik d\u00f6k\u00fcmlerin ve kaynakl\u0131 par\u00e7alar\u0131n i\u00e7 gerilimini ortadan kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Demir ve \u00e7elik \u00fcr\u00fcnler i\u00e7in, \u0131s\u0131tmadan sonra ostenit olu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u0131s\u0131 korumas\u0131ndan sonra havada so\u011futma ile i\u00e7 stres ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In order to make the metal parts have the required working performance, heat treatment process is often necessary. Heat treatment process generally includes heating, heat preservation and cooling. Due to different processes, it can be divided into quenching, tempering, normalizing, annealing, etc? What is quenching? Quenching of steel is a heat treatment process in which…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20041"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20041"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20041\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20041"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20041"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20041"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}