{"id":13701,"date":"2019-10-10T05:36:22","date_gmt":"2019-10-10T05:36:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/?p=13701"},"modified":"2020-05-07T07:16:16","modified_gmt":"2020-05-07T07:16:16","slug":"the-straightforward-and-informative-intro-about-common-elements-added-into-alloy-steel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/the-straightforward-and-informative-intro-about-common-elements-added-into-alloy-steel\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 quen thu\u1ed9c, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p kim th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 crom, niken, molypden, vonfram, vanadi, titan, niobi, zirconi, coban, silic, mangan, nh\u00f4m, \u0111\u1ed3ng, boron, \u0111\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm, vv Ph\u1ed1t pho, l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh v\u00e0 nit\u01a1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cr<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Chromium c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p carbon m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u00f2n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p. Khi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 12%, th\u00e9p c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n oxy h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p. Chromium l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 ch\u1ecbu axit v\u00e0 th\u00e9p ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chromium c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p carbon trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1n, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e3n d\u00e0i v\u00e0 co r\u00fat ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n. Khi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a crom v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 15%, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 co gi\u00e3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 co gi\u00e3n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n s\u1ebd t\u0103ng theo. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn th\u00e9p c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a cr\u00f4m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch m\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a crom trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng, l\u00e0m cho th\u00e9p c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n sau khi t\u00f4i h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c cacbua ch\u1ee9a cr\u00f4m trong th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cacbon h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e9p l\u00f2 xo ch\u1ee9a crom kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 kh\u1eed cacbon trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t. Chromium c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ee7 t\u1ed1t. Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n, crom c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a, kh\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Niken (Ni)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ed5ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a niken trong vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ferrite v\u00e0 tinh luy\u1ec7n ng\u1ecdc trai trong th\u00e9p l\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f3i chung, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon th\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1n, b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c \u1ee7 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n, m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, c\u1ee9 t\u0103ng niken 1% c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 29,4 Pa. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p t\u0103ng nhanh h\u01a1n c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00e9o, do \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u00e9p ch\u1ee9a niken cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e9p carbon. Trong khi t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p, niken \u00edt \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim kh\u00e1c.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p carbon trung b\u00ecnh, v\u00ec niken l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u1ecdc trai v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1t ng\u1ecdc trai, v\u00e0 v\u00ec niken l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m eutectoid, n\u00ean h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u1ecdc trai c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p ferit ng\u1ecdc trai ch\u1ee9a niken l\u1edbn h\u01a1n th\u00e9p cacbon c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon, t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p ferit Pearlite ch\u1ee9a niken cao h\u01a1n th\u00e9p carbon c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nhau, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a niken c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Niken c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c r\u00e3nh. Niken l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u00f2n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p. Th\u00e9p c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a niken 3,5% c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf - 100 ~ C, v\u00e0 th\u00e9p ch\u1ee9a niken 9% c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf - 196 ~ C. Niken kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c c\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p, do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim ferronickel c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken cao thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 khi t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u01b0\u1ee1ng kim c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, niken kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i axit m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ki\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u1edbi kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i. Niken l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u01a1<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Molypden trong th\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f2n c\u1ee7a \u1ee7, t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong th\u00e9p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n, molypden c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng n\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e9p v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 (ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m) \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t d\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean, molypden trong th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cacbon h\u00f3a c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m xu h\u01b0\u1edbng cacbua h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ea1ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c tr\u00ean ranh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1t, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m austenite b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i trong l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cacbon h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a khu\u00f4n r\u00e8n, molypden c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u1eb7p bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t v\u00e0 m\u00f2n, v.v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Molypden c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n n\u1eefa kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 (nh\u01b0 axit formic, axit axetic, axit oxalic, v.v.) v\u00e0 hydro peroxide, axit sulfuric, sulfite, thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m axit, b\u1ed9t t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng, v.v. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 do b\u1ed5 sung c\u1ee7a molypden, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0103n m\u00f2n r\u1ed7 g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ion clorua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e9p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao W12Cr4V4Mo ch\u1ee9a kho\u1ea3ng 1% molybdenum c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00f3i<\/strong>W<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vonfram h\u00f2a tan m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh dung d\u1ecbch r\u1eafn ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c cacbua trong th\u00e9p. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a molypden, v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng chung c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a molypden v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vonfram ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ee7, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n do h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh cacbua. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, th\u00e9p r\u00e8n n\u00f3ng, v.v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vonfram h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh cacbua ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda trong th\u00e9p l\u00f2 xo ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 cacbua v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao cao h\u01a1n. Vonfram c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t, t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p l\u00f2 xo 65SiMnWA sau khi c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng r\u1ea5t cao. Th\u00e9p l\u00f2 xo c\u00f3 ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n 50mm2 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9ng trong d\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u00f2 xo quan tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn, ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t (kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 350 C) v\u00e0 va \u0111\u1eadp. Th\u00e9p l\u00f2 xo ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t cao 30W4Cr2VA c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i \u1edf 1050-1100 C v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i luy\u1ec7n \u1edf 550-650 C, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t 1470-1666 Pa. N\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00f2 xo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao (kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 500 C).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vonfram l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ee3p kim, b\u1edfi v\u00ec vonfram c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vanadi<\/strong>V<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vanadi c\u00f3 \u00e1i l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi carbon, amoniac v\u00e0 oxy v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vanadi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf d\u1ea1ng cacbua trong th\u00e9p. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p. Khi dung d\u1ecbch r\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a tan \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng l\u00ean; m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf d\u1ea1ng cacbua, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m. Vanadi l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p t\u00f4i v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vanadi trong th\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 0,5% ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vanadi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tinh ch\u1ec9nh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim carbon th\u1ea5p b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vanadi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u00e9p k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi mangan, crom, molypden v\u00e0 vonfram do \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng th\u1ea5p trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t chung. Vanadi trong th\u00e9p t\u00f4i v\u00e0 th\u00e9p t\u00f4i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p, tinh ch\u1ec9nh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t. Trong th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cacbon h\u00f3a, v\u00ec k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh ch\u1ebf, th\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp sau khi cacbon h\u00f3a m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i th\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vanadi trong th\u00e9p l\u00f2 xo v\u00e0 th\u00e9p ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u0103ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i, gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y kh\u1eed trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. Th\u00e9p ch\u1ecbu l\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9a vanadi v\u1edbi n\u0103m crom c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n cacbon h\u00f3a cao v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vanadi tinh luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t trong th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t, t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ee7 v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, do \u0111\u00f3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5. <\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

As is familiar to us, elements to be put into some kind of steel alloy for improving or altering its properties are regarded as alloy elements. Commonly used alloying elements are chromium, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, titanium, niobium, zirconium, cobalt, silicon, manganese, aluminium, copper, boron, rare earth, etc. Phosphorus, sulphur and nitrogen also play the…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13701"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13701"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13701\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13701"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13701"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13701"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}