{"id":13876,"date":"2019-12-24T07:07:42","date_gmt":"2019-12-24T07:07:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/?p=13876"},"modified":"2020-05-07T01:08:10","modified_gmt":"2020-05-07T01:08:10","slug":"a-detailed-introduction-to-shape-memory-metal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/a-chi-tiet-gioi-thieu-hinh-dang-bo-nho-kim-loai\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Shape Memory Metal"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. Khi n\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng. Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u1ec5 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Khi ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gia nhi\u1ec7t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c b\u00ean trong, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd co l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u. N\u0103m 1932, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd Th\u1ee5y \u0110i\u1ec3n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y trong h\u1ee3p kim Au CD. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1938, greninger v\u00e0 mooradian l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y trong h\u1ee3p kim Cu Zn v\u00e0 Cu Sn. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1969, SMA l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. C\u00f4ng ty Raychem \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p kim NiTi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i \u1ed1ng v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t d\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u F14 \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ni\u00eam phong t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00e1p su\u1ea5t d\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i martensitic trong h\u1ee3p kim. H\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf d\u1ea1ng austenite \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 martensite \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Khi SMA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng, n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb pha martensitic sang pha austenitic. M\u1ed9t s l\u00e0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i austenit v\u00e0 AF l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i austenit k\u1ebft th\u00fac. Khi SMA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nung n\u00f3ng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, pha martensitic s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i pha austenite v\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea3i cao. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb austenite \u0111\u1ebfn martensite \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 MS v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf cu\u1ed1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i martensite \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 MF. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i martensitic kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 MD. Tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y, SMA bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u sau khi d\u1ee1 t\u1ea3i. H\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb kh\u00e1c nhau (nh\u01b0 trong H\u00ecnh 1), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u. Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m, h\u1ee3p kim s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia nhi\u1ec7t;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb hai chi\u1ec1u. Khi h\u1ee3p kim tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia nhi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m. B\u1edfi v\u00ec hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb hai chi\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00edt \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ea1p xe b\u1eb1ng l\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Viking \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh hai chi\u1ec1u. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i xe \u0111\u1ea1p gi\u1eefa austenite v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 martensite c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i khi h\u1ee3p kim ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia nhi\u1ec7t. Khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n sang h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i khi n\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i martensitic pha kh\u00f4ng khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i pha kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i pha R, th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i pha trung gian t\u1eeb austenite th\u00e0nh martensite. C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 nhi\u1ec7t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a martensite, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa gia nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0394 t = af-ms). T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ec5 nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u SMA c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u1ed5 \u0111\u0129a nhanh, \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 nhi\u1ec7t nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, trong khi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 nhi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 l\u00fd (\u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf su\u1ea5t, m\u00f4 \u0111un Young, v.v.) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 SMA tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau khi chuy\u1ec3n pha c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac pha Austenite t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u00f4 \u0111un Young cao h\u01a1n, trong khi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac martensite m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 u\u1ed1n h\u01a1n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng khi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng l\u1ef1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng NiTi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c y sinh nh\u01b0 stent h\u1ee3p kim, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt ch\u1ec9nh h\u00ecnh, ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt n\u00e3o v\u00e0 nha khoa do t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, do nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a SMA, nh\u01b0 chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cao, bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u1ee3p kim nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Do y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam h\u1ee3p kim nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 ba trong h\u1ee3p kim NiTi. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean 100oC, nh\u01b0ng do l\u1edbn<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo k\u00e9m v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u1ecfi \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng, do \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o xe l\u1eeda, v\u00ec v\u1eady chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. H\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng s\u1eaft t\u1eeb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, h\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng s\u1eaft t\u1eeb c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cao h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy\u1ec1n qua t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1ee3p kim. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u1eb7p song sinh th\u00f4ng qua t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ea1i \u01b0a th\u00edch trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 martensitic d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u0129 m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim. H\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng s\u1eaft t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 h\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n truy\u1ec1n \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3i chung, h\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng s\u1eaft t\u1eeb s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng s\u1eaft t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 gi\u00f2n, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p. Do \u0111\u00f3, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng s\u1eaft t\u1eeb, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao hi\u1ec7n nay. Do \u0111\u00f3, v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 h\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng s\u1eaft t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n n\u1eefa hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

h\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng s\u1eaft t\u1eeb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

So v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, h\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng s\u1eaft t\u1eeb c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cao h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy\u1ec1n qua t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1ee3p kim. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u00edch s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ea1i \u01b0a th\u00edch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 martensite sinh \u0111\u00f4i th\u00f4ng qua t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u0129 m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim x\u1ea3y ra. H\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng s\u1eaft t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 h\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n truy\u1ec1n \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3i chung, h\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng s\u1eaft t\u1eeb s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng s\u1eaft t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 gi\u00f2n, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p. Do \u0111\u00f3, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng s\u1eaft t\u1eeb, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao hi\u1ec7n nay. Do \u0111\u00f3, v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 h\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng s\u1eaft t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n n\u1eefa hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u m\u00e0ng nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Do \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng vi m\u00f4, m\u00e0ng h\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0ng m\u1ecfng h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m m\u00e0ng m\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng vi m\u00f4. Trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a MEMS, m\u00e0ng m\u1ecfng NiTi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 vi m\u00f4<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9ng, do hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u ra l\u1edbn. D\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n NiTi vi m\u00f4 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean phim NiTi ph\u00fan x\u1ea1 s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb vi m\u00f4 y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0ng m\u1ecfng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng cao h\u01a1n 100oC b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u00f4 t\u00f4, b\u00e1o ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 tua bin h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng, v\u00ec v\u1eady trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0ng m\u1ecfng h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha cao h\u01a1n 100oC \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

(1) \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim th\u1ee9 ba th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i martensitic c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 vi m\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) H\u1ee3p kim b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean t\u0103ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Development history of shape memory alloy Shape memory alloy is a kind of shape memory material with excellent properties. When it is affected by external force or magnetic change, it can keep its previous state, which is called shape memory effect. The application of these materials is very simple, in which the materials are easy…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":13877,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/\u56fe\u724712.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13876"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13876"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13876\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13877"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13876"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13876"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13876"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}