{"id":1753,"date":"2019-05-22T02:47:44","date_gmt":"2019-05-22T02:47:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/single-post-how-to-master-thermal-analysis-and-calorimetry-analysis%ef%bc%9f\/"},"modified":"2020-05-04T13:12:05","modified_gmt":"2020-05-04T13:12:05","slug":"how-to-master-thermal-analysis-and-calorimetry-analysis%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/how-to-master-heat-analysis-and-calorimetry-analysis%ef%bc%9f\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Mu\u1ed1n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Tham kh\u1ea3o b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7!<\/div>\n
Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/div>\n

Analysis ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\n
Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf trong \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u01a1i d\u1eady t\u1eeb ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a kho\u00e1ng s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i. Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, khoa h\u1ecdc polymer v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/div>\n

1. ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n
Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (TG ho\u1eb7c TGA) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c th\u1eddi gian d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (t\u0103ng \/ gi\u1ea3m \/ nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n. \u0110i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i cu\u1ed1i) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan nh\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y.<\/div>\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p TG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ef1a, cao su, s\u01a1n, d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m, ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00f4 c\u01a1, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite. \u0110\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh oxy h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y, h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5, gi\u1ea3i h\u1ea5p, oxy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 kh\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m TG cho \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/div>\n
Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/div>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Th\u00e2n l\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. L\u00f2 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu c\u00e1c kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau (nh\u01b0 N2, Ar, He v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c, O2, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n oxy h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c, v.v.), ho\u1eb7c Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c t\u0129nh. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 m\u1eabu s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. M\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u1ebd tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu so v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \/ th\u1eddi gian (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong TG). Khi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu (c\u00e1c l\u00fd do bao g\u1ed3m ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y, oxy h\u00f3a, gi\u1ea3m, h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i h\u1ea5p, v.v.), n\u00f3 s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n (ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng c\u00e2n) tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong TG, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \/ t\u0103ng c\u00e2n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. V\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \/ tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh vi ph\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong TG \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong vi ph\u00e2n \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong DTG), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/div>\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cong \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/div>\n

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B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i theo c\u1ea3 t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian.<\/div>\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cong m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf: \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cong thermogravimetric (TG) \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \/ th\u1eddi gian trong nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. S\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \/ th\u1eddi gian hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/div>\n
\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng cong m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y: \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong vi ph\u00e2n nhi\u1ec7t (DTG) (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong dm \/ dt, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong TG so v\u1edbi t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eddi gian), \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \/ th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng. \u0110i\u1ec3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \/ th\u1eddi gian t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3m \/ t\u0103ng c\u00e2n l\u00e0 nhanh nh\u1ea5t.<\/div>\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea5t \/ t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00ednh n\u0103ng sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n:<\/div>\n
\u0110i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngo\u1ea1i suy c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong TG: \u0111i\u1ec3m giao nhau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp tuy\u1ebfn \u1edf m\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u01b0\u1edbc TG v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp tuy\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m u\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tham chi\u1ebfu t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u0103ng \/ gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/div>\n
\u0110i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac ngo\u1ea1i suy \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong TG: \u0111i\u1ec3m giao nhau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp tuy\u1ebfn \u1edf m\u1ee9c sau b\u01b0\u1edbc TG v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp tuy\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m u\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tham chi\u1ebfu \u1edf cu\u1ed1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3m \/ gi\u1ea3m tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/div>\n
\u0110\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong DTG: \u0110i\u1ec3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \/ th\u1eddi gian t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m u\u1ed1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong TG.<\/div>\n
Thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa hai \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong TG \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi b\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n (ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng c\u00e2n).<\/div>\n
Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0: Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong m\u1eabu \u1edf cu\u1ed1i ph\u00e9p \u0111o.<\/div>\n
Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, \u0111i\u1ec3m u\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong TG (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec9nh DTG), \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngo\u1ea1i suy \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong DTG (g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1) v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac ngo\u1ea1i suy \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong DTG (g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebft th\u00fac ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng theo \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u.<\/div>\n

2. ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h3>\n
Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1ch \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebf.<\/div>\n
Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t vi sai (DTA) l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa m\u1eabu v\u00e0 tham chi\u1ebfu \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. Ph\u00e9p \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e9t vi sai (DSC) l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u1edbi m\u1eabu v\u00e0 tham chi\u1ebfu trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. \u00dd ngh\u0129a v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau. DTA ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n pha. DSC kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111i\u1ec3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha. \u0110\u1ec9nh t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong DTA kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1eadt l\u00fd nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, trong khi \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong DSC t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng DSC l\u00e0m v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebf.<\/div>\n
Ph\u00e9p \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e9t vi sai (DSC) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t d\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1eabu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u tham chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c th\u1eddi gian d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng \/ gi\u1ea3m \/ kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i). Theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t n\u1ed9i, t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t, thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v.v., \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t (nhi\u1ec7t entanpy) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng (\u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i cu\u1ed1i) c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/div>\n
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p DSC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 nh\u1ef1a, cao su, s\u1ee3i, s\u01a1n, ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh, thu\u1ed1c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, sinh v\u1eadt, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00f4 c\u01a1, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 k\u1ebft tinh c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee7y tinh, chuy\u1ec3n pha, chuy\u1ec3n tinh th\u1ec3 l\u1ecfng, h\u00f3a r\u1eafn, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh oxy h\u00f3a, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 entanpy ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o, t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc tinh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/div>\n
Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebf qu\u00e9t vi sai d\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 sau:<\/div>\n

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Nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean, m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean \u0111\u0129a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed3i n\u1ea5u kim lo\u1ea1i tham chi\u1ebfu (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1ng). C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t l\u00f2 nung \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t theo m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (gia nhi\u1ec7t tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh), l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n (c\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n tham chi\u1ebfu, c\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eabu) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o li\u00ean t\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa hai. Do th\u00e2n l\u00f2 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu \/ quy tr\u00ecnh gia nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t Fourier, ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u1edf hai \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 v\u1edbi t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, do \u0111\u00f3 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \/ nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 DSC.<\/div>\n
Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng d\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa tham chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 m\u1eabu. Do s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t, ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa tham chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 m\u1eabu () t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch d\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t. Th\u1eddi gian s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t: (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u)<\/div>\n
Do t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a hai entanpy, ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea7u tham chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1eabu g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng 0 khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t trong m\u1eabu. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngang g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. Ngo\u00e0i ra, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1eabu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u tham chi\u1ebfu th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n n\u1eb1m ngang v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t g\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u00f4n n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t.<\/div>\n
Khi m\u1eabu c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t, ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \/ t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u d\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1eabu v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u tham chi\u1ebfu. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1ebd s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian \/ nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/div>\n

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Theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n DIN v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u0103ng (gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb d\u01b0\u01a1ng) th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu (hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t n\u1ed9i \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 tan ch\u1ea3y, ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y, gi\u1ea3i h\u1ea5p, v.v.) v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m (gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u00e2m) \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t (Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft tinh, oxy h\u00f3a, h\u00f3a r\u1eafn, v.v., v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh trong s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a chi\u1ec1u cao \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 u\u1ed1n cong gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong (s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee7y tinh, chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb s\u1eaft, v.v.)).<\/div>\n
B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i theo c\u1ea3 t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian.<\/div>\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec9nh h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \/ t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch pic c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n. m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1<\/div>\n
\u0110i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u: \u0110i\u1ec3m t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp tuy\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp tuy\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m u\u1ed1n \u1edf b\u00ean tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec9nh, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (th\u1eddi gian) m\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t (ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc) b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u1ea3y ra<\/div>\n
\u0110\u1ec9nh: \u0110i\u1ec3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (th\u1eddi gian) t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \/ t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t.<\/div>\n
\u0110i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac: \u0110i\u1ec3m t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf sau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp tuy\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp tuy\u1ebfn b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec9nh, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 (th\u1eddi gian) t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t (v\u1eadt l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng) k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/div>\n
Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch: Khu v\u1ef1c thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \/ t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng J \/ g, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \/ th\u1ea3i ra b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadt l\u00fd \/ h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/div>\n
Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 chi\u1ec1u cao, chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong t\u00edch ph\u00e2n di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec9nh h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \/ t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1eefa, \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ed1i, \u0111i\u1ec3m u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/div>\n

\u2161. thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n

1. m\u00e1y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n
C\u00e1c nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee5 TG hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Ngo\u00e0i l\u00f2 s\u01b0\u1edfi c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a Netzsch TG209F3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb trong h\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/div>\n
Kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 kh\u00ed thanh tr\u1eebng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y trong h\u00ecnh. Kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01a1 v\u00e0o N2. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o l\u00f2 qua bu\u1ed3ng c\u00e2n v\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i chung, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2n. M\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y m\u1eabu c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb cho ph\u00e9p hai lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed thanh l\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau (purge1, purge2) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ed9n trong khi \u0111o khi c\u1ea7n. M\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i trong \u0111\u00f3 N2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed thanh l\u1ecdc tr\u01a1 cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng; c\u00e1i kia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed oxy h\u00f3a. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00ed, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 quay th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, van \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed1i (MFC) v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a cao h\u01a1n.<\/div>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

C\u1eeda tho\u00e1t kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ea3 kh\u00ed mang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00ed v\u00e0o kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi FTIR, QMS, GC-MS v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00ed s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed tr\u01a1n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0m cho t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng kh\u00ed mang nh\u1ecf, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00ed s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u nh\u1ecf, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00ed ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a.<\/div>\n
Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch ly l\u00f2 kh\u1ecfi hai ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e2n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n nhi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4 \u0111un c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng khi l\u00f2 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ecdc kh\u00ed li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m ch\u1eafn b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 xung quanh gi\u00e1 gi\u1eef m\u1eabu c\u00e1ch ly c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5u b\u1edfi v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t.<\/div>\n

2. \u0111o nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e9t vi sai<\/h3>\n
C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, ngo\u00e0i l\u00f2 s\u01b0\u1edfi c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a Netzsch DSC204F1:<\/div>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 kh\u00ed thanh tr\u1eebng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y trong h\u00ecnh. Kh\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n qua ngo\u1ea1i vi c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 b\u1eb1ng N2 tr\u01a1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00e2n s\u01b0\u1edfi, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n th\u00e2n l\u00f2. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a s\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u00ean ngo\u1ea1i vi \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb cho ph\u00e9p hai lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed thanh l\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng chuy\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ed9n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111o khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong \u0111\u00f3 N2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed thanh l\u1ecdc tr\u01a1 cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng; c\u00e1i kia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c O2 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed oxy h\u00f3a. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00ed, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 quay th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, van \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed1i (MFC) v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a cao h\u01a1n.<\/div>\n
Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ba lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0m m\u00e1t kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nit\u01a1 l\u1ecfng LN2 \/ GN2 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t), m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n ho\u1eb7c intracooler, v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m m\u00e1t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Kh\u00ed n\u00e9n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p (nh\u01b0 nh\u1ef1a, nh\u1ef1a nhi\u1ec7t r\u1eafn, v.v.) v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng sau khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u0111o, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e2n l\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng Th\u00eam m\u1eabu ti\u1ebfp theo; h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nit\u01a1 l\u1ecfng c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n (-180 \u00b0 C) so v\u1edbi l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 nit\u01a1 l\u1ecfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt t\u01b0 ti\u00eau hao. C\u1ea7n th\u00eam, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a chi ph\u00ed h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng; trong khi l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc k\u00e9m h\u01a1n nit\u01a1 l\u1ecfng v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ti\u00eau hao n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ecdi l\u00fac, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/div>\n

C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n

1. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gia nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n
T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t. N\u00f3i chung, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u01b0 sau.<\/div>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

(1) \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong TG, DSC, s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 do nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng Ti, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i Tp v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebft th\u00fac Tf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng nhanh, do \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh, n\u00f3 \u0111i v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1eafp r\u00e1p b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i (h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean).<\/div>\n
(2) T\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u00ean t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n \u1edf v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec9nh Tp c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong DSC t\u0103ng l\u00ean, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng b\u1ecb thu h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i (nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean).<\/div>\n

2. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n
M\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf m\u1eabu c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ef1 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00ed v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eabu t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu. C\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch pic v\u1eabn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu. H\u1ea1t c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong DSC c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u1eabu l\u1ecfng x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau, l\u00e0m cho m\u1eabu b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf, c\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t. B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 chim c\u00e1nh c\u1ee5t kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong TG.<\/div>\n

3. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00ed, n\u1ebfu s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ri\u00eang ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00ed trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng l\u00ean b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ba kh\u00ed tr\u01a1 g\u1ed3m argon, nit\u01a1 v\u00e0 heli v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111ang t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1.<\/div>\n
H\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a dolomite. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch bao g\u1ed3m hai b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/div>\n
MgCO3 \u2192 MgO + CO2<\/div>\n
CaCO3 \u2192 CaO + CO2<\/div>\n
Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thanh l\u1ecdc N2 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a hai b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t. R\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a MgCO3 v\u00e0 CaCO3. Do \u0111\u00f3, CO2 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed thanh l\u1ecdc trong v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y. V\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai b\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o ra CO2, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng CO2 l\u00e0m b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed thanh l\u1ecdc s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n (t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng). Do m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n c\u1ee7a thang \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch hai b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai (ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y CaCO3) c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u01a1n. Theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a MgCO3 trong m\u1eabu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 44,0% (MgCO3 \/ CO2 = 1,91) v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a CaCO3 l\u00e0 55,3% (CaCO3 \/ CO2 = 2,27).<\/div>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

4. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5u lo\u1ea1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong TG<\/h3>\n
M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 pha kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian trung b\u00ecnh trong gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 m\u1eabu gi\u1ea3m khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ed5i gi\u1ea3m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ee9a m\u1eabu, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ch\u1ea3y ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean g\u00e2y gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u00e0 hai nhi\u1ec5u lo\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed g\u00e2y t\u0103ng c\u00e2n, c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e9n nung, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng c\u1eeda tho\u00e1t kh\u00ed ph\u00eda tr\u00ean v\u1eadt ch\u1ee9a m\u1eabu, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong TG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. R\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea1m vi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/div>\n

5. \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00edn c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<\/h3>\n
M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00edn c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea1p trong ch\u00e9n nung \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00ed nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed xung quanh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu v\u1edbi kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a canxi oxalate monohydrat CaC2O4 \u00b7 H2O l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a carbon monoxide CO: CaC2O4 \u00b7 H2O \u2192 CaCO3 + CO<\/div>\n
Khi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, n\u1ebfu m\u1eabu l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed oxy h\u00f3a, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong DSC c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i 511 \u00b0 C), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a CO: 2CO + O2 \u2192 2CO2, n\u1ebfu m\u1eabu t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i oxy, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong DSC c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t. Xem b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/div>\n
l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo (1) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n (2)<\/div>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c nhau b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n

1. \u0110o chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp th\u1ee7y tinh<\/h3>\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee7y tinh x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia nhi\u1ec7t, t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh sang \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y (c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u polyme). Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong DSC nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t.<\/div>\n
Vi\u00eam. T\u1eeb ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee7y tinh c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/div>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp th\u1ee7y tinh c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu nh\u1ef1a epoxy. Theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ee7y tinh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1eefa l\u00e0 129,5 \u00b0 C. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/div>\n

2. \u0110o \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebft tinh v\u00e0 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y<\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp pha th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t k\u00e8m theo hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng DSC, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t n\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, entanpy n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/div>\n
H\u00ecnh tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i In. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y l\u00e0 156,7 \u00b0 C (l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft 156,6 \u00b0 C), entanpy l\u00e0 28,58 J \/ g (gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft 28,6 J \/ g).<\/div>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp th\u1ee7y tinh, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m k\u1ebft tinh v\u00e0 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia nhi\u1ec7t. H\u1ee3p kim v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh cao do kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 k\u1ebft tinh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp th\u1ee7y tinh \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia nhi\u1ec7t. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh k\u1ebft tinh l\u1ea1nh sau \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ec3 \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n tinh th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft tinh l\u1ea1nh.<\/div>\n

V. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n

1. \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n
S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/div>\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fa th\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng (b\u01b0\u1edbc TG ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec9nh DTG c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i), nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n bi\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch (l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfp tuy\u1ebfn) T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00f4i khi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbp ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u01a1n 1%, 2%, 5% gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n.<\/div>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y ph\u1ed5 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m 5% TD (gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n 5%) c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu g\u1ed7 l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u PCB. M\u1eabu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng ba l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e1i l\u1eadp l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 5% TD n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi 337,5 \u00b1 1,5 \u00b0 C.<\/div>\n

2. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh Pyrolysi<\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh suy tho\u00e1i nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a polytetrafluoroetylen. B\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n N2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc 700 \u00b0 C v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n sang kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed sau 700 \u00b0 C. PTFE l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y ban \u0111\u1ea7u cao t\u1edbi 500 \u00b0 C tr\u1edf l\u00ean (\u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1eaft b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a TG l\u00e0 569,5 \u00b0 C trong h\u00ecnh) v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i \u0111a (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec9nh DTG) l\u00e0 612.1 \u00b0 C. M\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n 100% trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00ed tr\u01a1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1eb7n carbon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 sang kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n th\u00eam. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong c-DTA c\u00f2n cho nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a PTFE \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 330,6 \u00b0 C.<\/div>\n

3. ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/h3>\n
S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111o tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gia nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111o v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ee3p l\u00fd gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/div>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh gia c\u1ed1 PA66. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng N2 tr\u01b0\u1edbc 850 \u00b0 C, chuy\u1ec3n sang kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed sau 850 \u00b0 C. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb h\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau:<\/div>\n
1. M\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc 1.300 \u00b0 C: gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n 0,6%. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t bay h\u01a1i h\u1eefu c\u01a1.<\/div>\n
2. 300 ~ 850 \u00b0 C: B\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n l\u00e0 63,4%. Ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y PA66.<\/div>\n
3. Sau khi chuy\u1ec3n sang kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf 850 \u00b0 C: tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3m l\u00e0 1,5%, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a carbon (s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y PA66).<\/div>\n
Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i: 34,5%. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y ho\u1eb7c oxy h\u00f3a.<\/div>\n
T\u1eeb ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u00ean, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 PA66 trong m\u1eabu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 64,9% (63,4 + 1,5). T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh l\u00e0 34,5%. Ph\u1ea7n \u1ea9m \/ ph\u1ea7n d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 0,6%.<\/div>\n

4. th\u0103ng hoa d\u1ec5 bay h\u01a1i<\/h3>\n
S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bay h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1eabu (nh\u01b0 d\u1ea7u b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/div>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bay h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n perfluoropolyether. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ebfn 130 \u00b0 C v\u00e0 gi\u1eef \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i. H\u00ecnh v\u1ebd cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 ph\u00fat v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t t\u1eadp trung nhanh nh\u1ea5t \u1edf m\u1ee9c 13,9 ph\u00fat v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n DTG t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, TG c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bay h\u01a1i (th\u0103ng hoa) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1eabu r\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 long n\u00e3o, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/div>\n

5. h\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i h\u1ea5p<\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb STA trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m kh\u00e1c nhau. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i kho\u1ea3ng 30 \u00b0 C b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed thanh l\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thanh l\u1ecdc kh\u00f4 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i 5%, m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea3m 0,81%. Khi b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n sang \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i 25%, m\u1eabu cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c t\u0103ng tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 1.66%. Sau \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i 50% v\u00e0 75%, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0 1.38% v\u00e0 2.82%. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong DSC m\u00e0u xanh, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 entanpy c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t.<\/div>\n

6. \u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebft tinh<\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh tr\u00ean so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee9 hai sau khi m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu PET kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t kh\u00e1c. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i c\u00e0ng nhanh th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebft tinh c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu c\u00e0ng \u00edt v\u00e0 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i k\u1ebft tinh l\u1ea1nh thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb l\u1ea7n nung th\u1ee9 hai c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebft tinh c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p.<\/div>\n
\u0110\u1ed9 k\u1ebft tinh kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu va \u0111\u1eadp, v.v.), t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t quang h\u1ecdc, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng dung m\u00f4i v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd. Do \u0111\u00f3, trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ef1a nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ebbo, \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebft tinh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/div>\n

7. \u1ed4n \u0111\u1ecbnh oxy h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n
\u0110\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh oxy h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng DSC. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p OIT v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p oxy h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/div>\n
Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng oxy h\u00f3a (OIT) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho ng\u00e0nh nh\u1ef1a. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 200 \u00b0 C, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u0103ng \/ gi\u1ea3m th\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian oxy h\u00f3a. Theo s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng oxy h\u00f3a (OIT) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u00f4 m\u1eabu kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ch\u1ed1ng l\u00e3o h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan: DIN EN 728, ISO \/ TR 10837, ASTM D 3895.<\/div>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m OIT h\u1ea1t nh\u1ef1a polyetylen theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia. M\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n n\u1eb7ng kho\u1ea3ng 15 mg, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong ch\u00e9n Al m\u1edf v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m \u1ea5m \u0111\u1ebfn 200 \u00b0 C d\u01b0\u1edbi 50 ml \/ ph\u00fat N 2 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n sang O 2 sau 5 ph\u00fat. Th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng oxy h\u00f3a \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb l\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ban \u0111\u1ea7u sang O2 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngo\u1ea1i suy c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t oxy h\u00f3a) l\u00e0 40,1 ph\u00fat.<\/div>\n

8. ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00f3ng r\u1eafn<\/h3>\n
DSC c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3ng r\u1eafn c\u1ee7a nh\u1ef1a nhi\u1ec7t r\u1eafn (nh\u01b0 nh\u1ef1a epoxy, nh\u1ef1a phenolic, v.v.), c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7, ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/div>\n
H\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u1ef1a epoxy gia c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh (GFEP). Prereg ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp th\u1ee7y tinh th\u1ea5p (101,5 \u00b0 C) v\u00e0 h\u00f3a r\u1eafn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia nhi\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong DSC (\u0111\u1ec9nh k\u00e9p g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i 136,4, 158,9 \u00b0 C trong h\u00ecnh, ch\u1eefa entanpy 43.10) J \/ g); sau khi l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, do nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee7y tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng l\u00ean t\u1edbi 142,4 \u00b0 C v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0u h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n n\u1eefa.<\/div>\n
L\u01b0u \u00fd: \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1ef1a epoxy, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee7y tinh g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e0ng cao, li\u00ean k\u1ebft ngang c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e0ng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, t\u00ednh di \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ee7y tinh c\u00e0ng cao.<\/div>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

9. ki\u1ec3m tra thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha<\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m thay \u0111\u1ed5i pha c\u1ee7a s\u1eaft trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia nhi\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1ec9nh c\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec7t \u1edf 771,5 \u00b0 C l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m Curie v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb ferromagnet sang thu\u1eadn t\u1eeb. \u0110\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec7t n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i 918,6 \u00b0 C v\u00e0 1404,1 \u00b0 C l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa hai c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng (trung t\u00e2m c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 bcc - trung t\u00e2m m\u1eb7t fcc). Netzsch SC404 \/ STA449 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac k\u00edn ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng cao v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 oxy OTS \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01a1 tinh khi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh oxy h\u00f3a \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/div>\n

10. D\u1ea1ng \u0111a h\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n
\u0110a h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong hai ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng tinh th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1eabn nhau trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/div>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p \u0111o DSC c\u1ee7a thu\u1ed1c Sulfathiazole. \u0110\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec7t thu nhi\u1ec7t \u1edf 173,7 \u00b0 C trong h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a M\u1eabu III, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh M\u1eabu I. \u0110\u1ec9nh c\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec7t nh\u1ecf \u1edf 196,2 \u00b0 C l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a M\u1eabu II v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7t \u1edf 201,4 \u00b0 C l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tan ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a M\u1eabu I.<\/div>\n

11. ki\u1ec3m tra nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/h3>\n
Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ki\u1ec3m tra<\/div>\n
Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c (c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t ri\u00eang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i Cp li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhi\u1ec7t chung) l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3: Cp = Q \/ (m * T), \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb J \/ g * K<\/div>\n
Thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat:<\/div>\n
Q = Cp * m * T<\/div>\n
Sau \u0111\u00f3, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u1eddi gian, l\u1ea5y c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia nhi\u1ec7t q = dQ \/ dt, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gia nhi\u1ec7t HR = dT \/ dt, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: q = Cp * m * HR<\/div>\n
S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i d\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t DSC, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t q c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 m\u1eabu ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u1edf c\u00f9ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gia nhi\u1ec7t trong t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gia nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c:<\/div>\n
Qsam = KT * (DSCsam - DSCbsl) = Cpsam * msam * HR<\/div>\n
Qstd = KT * (DSCstd - DSCbsl) = Cpstd * mstd * Nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1<\/div>\n
KT l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t, qua \u0111\u00f3 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u g\u1ed1c DSC (\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb uV) \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t (\u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb mW). DSCbsl l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea5u tr\u1eeb khi \u0111o l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/div>\n
Chia hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean v\u00e0 KT v\u00e0 HR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia cho nhau \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c:<\/div>\n
(DSCsam - DSCbsl) \/ (DSCstd - DSCbsl) =<\/div>\n
(Cpsam * msam) \/ (Cpstd * mstd)<\/div>\n
M\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0, nhi\u1ec7t dung ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a \u00e1p su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/div>\n
Cpsam = Cpstd \u00d7 [(DSCsam - DSCbsl) \/ msam] \/ [(DSCstd - DSCbsl) \/ mstd] = Cpstd \u00d7 DSCsam, rel, sub \/ DSCstd, rel, sub<\/div>\n
Trong \u0111\u00f3 DSCxxx, rel, sub \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u DSC sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf ho\u1eb7c tham chi\u1ebfu b\u1ecb tr\u1eeb kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf theo t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng \u03bcV \/ mg.<\/div>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong m\u00e0u xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y) c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ed3ng nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao DSC trong ph\u1ea1m vi RT ~ 1000 \u00b0 C v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong m\u00e0u xanh).<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Want to master the key points of thermal analysis and calorimetry analysis\uff1f Refer this article is enough! Thermal analysis and calorimetry analysis \u2160.thermal analysis Thermal analysis is an important branch of instrumental analysis, which plays an irreplaceable role in the characterization of matter. After a long period of centuries, the heat has been aroused from…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1753"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1753"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1753\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1753"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1753"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1753"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}