{"id":1859,"date":"2019-05-22T02:48:24","date_gmt":"2019-05-22T02:48:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/single-post-history-and-development-of-tungsten-carbide-rolls\/"},"modified":"2020-05-04T13:12:03","modified_gmt":"2020-05-04T13:12:03","slug":"history-and-development-of-tungsten-carbide-rolls","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/lich-su-va-phat-trien-cua-cuon-cacbua-vonfram\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n cacbua vonfram"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"vgblk-rw-wrapper limit-wrapper\">\n<div>C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng d\u1ebbo li\u00ean t\u1ee5c tr\u00ean m\u00e1y c\u00e1n. Con l\u0103n bao g\u1ed3m th\u00e2n l\u0103n, c\u1ed5 cu\u1ed9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1ee5c. Th\u00e2n cu\u1ed9n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u00e1n kim lo\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c r\u00e3nh m\u1ecbn. C\u1ed5 cu\u1ed9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn trong \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn khung th\u00f4ng qua v\u1ecf \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u00e9p. \u0110\u1ea7u tr\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gh\u1ebf b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng th\u00f4ng qua tr\u1ee5c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n m\u00f4-men quay c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ee5c l\u0103n. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp trong hai, ba, b\u1ed1n ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9n trong gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 cu\u1ed9n.<\/div>\n<h2>1. S\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n<\/h2>\n<div>S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 luy\u1ec7n kim v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00e1n. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n gang x\u00e1m c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1n kim lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u m\u1ec1m trong th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5. V\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18, V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cu\u1ed9n gang \u01b0\u1edbp l\u1ea1nh cho c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p c\u00e1n. Trong n\u1eeda sau c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 luy\u1ec7n th\u00e9p c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1n c\u00e1c th\u1ecfi th\u00e9p c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, cho d\u00f9 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a gang x\u00e1m hay cu\u1ed9n gang \u01b0\u1edbp l\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Th\u00e9p carbon l\u00e0 0,4% \u0111\u1ebfn 0,6% c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p cu\u1ed9n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb r\u00e8n n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n r\u00e8n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y. S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00f2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i v\u00e0 r\u00e8n cu\u1ed9n n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 l\u1ea1nh. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung molypden v\u00e0o c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n gang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ea3i c\u00e1n.<\/div>\n<div>\u0110\u00fac h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t s\u00fac r\u1eeda l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u00fac. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p kim trong cu\u1ed9n l\u00e0 sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn II. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cu\u1ed9n sau khi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u0103n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng. k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, cu\u1ed9n th\u00e9p b\u00e1n th\u00e9p v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9n s\u1eaft d\u1ec5 u\u1ed1n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Sau nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, cu\u1ed9n cacbua vonfram b\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00fac ly t\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cho cu\u1ed9n c\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n d\u1ea3i. Cu\u1ed9n gang t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p cr\u00f4m cao c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y d\u1ea3i n\u00f3ng. Trong c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian, s\u1eaft r\u00e8n v\u00e0 th\u00e9p cu\u1ed9n th\u00e9p r\u00e8n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980, Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 cr\u00f4m cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp si\u00eau c\u1ee9ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n gang h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e9p v\u00e0 thanh d\u00e2y c\u1ee1 nh\u1ecf. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00e1n th\u00e9p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c l\u00f5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fac ly t\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fac li\u00ean t\u1ee5c (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p CPC), ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng phun (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Osprey), ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u00e9p \u0111\u1eb3ng nhi\u1ec7t n\u00f3ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c m\u1ef1c d\u1ebbo , con l\u0103n th\u00e9p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao composite v\u00e0 con l\u0103n g\u1ed1m kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi, thanh d\u00e2y v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y d\u1ea3i \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.<\/div>\n<h2>2. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9n<\/h2>\n<div>C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: (1) C\u00f3 cu\u1ed9n th\u00e9p, cu\u1ed9n th\u00e9p h\u1ed3 s\u01a1, cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y, v.v., t\u00f9y theo lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m; (2) C\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9n, cu\u1ed9n th\u00f4 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 theo v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n trong lo\u1ea1t m\u00e1y c\u00e1n. Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9n, vv; (3) Theo ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng cu\u1ed9n, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng, cu\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ee5c l\u1ed7, cu\u1ed9n c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, v.v.; (4) Cu\u1ed9n cu\u1ed9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9n th\u00e9p, cu\u1ed9n gang, cu\u1ed9n h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng, cu\u1ed9n g\u1ed1m, v.v.; (5) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00e1o ch\u00ed bao g\u1ed3m cu\u1ed9n \u0111\u00fac, cu\u1ed9n r\u00e8n, cu\u1ed9n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, cu\u1ed9n l\u1ed3ng nhau, v.v.; (6) Cu\u1ed9n c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9n c\u00e1n ngu\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia theo tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p c\u00e1n. C\u00e1c c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i cho con l\u0103n m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1eb1ng gang \u0111\u00fac cr\u00f4m cao ly t\u00e2m cho d\u1ea3i n\u00f3ng.<\/div>\n<h2>3. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn con l\u0103n<\/h2>\n<div>C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cu\u1ed9n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb trong b\u1ea3ng. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9n th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1edfi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t d\u01b0 c\u00f3 trong cu\u1ed9n (xem Ki\u1ec3m tra cu\u1ed9n). Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n trong m\u00e1y c\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng luy\u1ec7n kim c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cu\u1ed9n, v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y c\u00e1n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/div>\n<div>C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0:<\/div>\n<div>(1) \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9n, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u1ed7, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m m\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c, v.v.;<\/div>\n<div>(2) c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00e1n nh\u01b0 gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1n, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00e9p v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, v.v.;<\/div>\n<div>(3) Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/div>\n<div>Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y c\u00e1n v\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00e1n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5c l\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ph\u00f4i ph\u00f4i v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9n c\u00e1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n xo\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 u\u1ed1n t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u1eafn, Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n; v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u00f5m, ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, n\u1ee9t v\u1ee1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t nhi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t cu\u1ed9n.<\/div>\n<div>Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con l\u0103n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con l\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u con l\u0103n kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n cho nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u con l\u0103n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf.<\/div>\n<div>C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cu\u1ed9n trong m\u00e1y c\u00e1n l\u00e0:<\/div>\n<div>(1) Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9n (kg) ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1n c\u00e1n 1T (g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 cu\u1ed9n), t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng kg \/ t;<\/div>\n<div>(2) Gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh cu\u1ed9n Tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cu\u1ed9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb int \/ mm.<\/div>\n<div>V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00e1n, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cu\u1ed9n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cu\u1ed9n, m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 cu\u1ed9n trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 1 kg \/ t .<\/div>\n<p><iframe src=\"\/\/static.usrfiles.com\/html\/0580b8_411a15a40d6a5cd98a71c94c96785253.html\"><\/p>\n<div>4. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cu\u1ed9n<\/div>\n<div>(1) Ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t n\u00f3ng<\/div>\n<div>Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, cu\u1ed9n th\u00f4 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ee9t nhi\u1ec7t; tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed9n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n 20 cu\u1ed9n nh\u1ecf ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 100 gram, v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng cho m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n t\u1ea5m d\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u01a1n 200 t\u1ea5n. Khi con l\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, theo c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con l\u0103n, c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00e2n ch\u00ednh (gang, th\u00e9p \u0111\u00fac ho\u1eb7c th\u00e9p r\u00e8n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau, v.v.) c\u1ee7a t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng an to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn.<\/div>\n<div>(2) \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng<\/div>\n<div>T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n. Sau \u0111\u00f3 xem x\u00e9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Do c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf m\u00e0i m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, bao g\u1ed3m t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u0103n, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n. Do \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng d\u1ec5 \u0111o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n m\u00f2n trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng xuy\u00ean t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 hao m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n.<\/div>\n<div>(3) Ch\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1c<\/div>\n<div>Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, cu\u1ed9n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1eafn m\u1ea1nh, ch\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1c h\u01a1n;<\/div>\n<div>(4) Ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n m\u1ecbn m\u00e0ng<\/div>\n<div>Khi c\u00e1n c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e1y \u0111o m\u1ecfng, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n;<\/div>\n<div>(5) Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1eaft<\/div>\n<div>Khi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1n c\u00f3 ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh gia c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n cu\u1ed9n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t. Khi con l\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cho con l\u0103n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nhau. Chi ph\u00ed mua v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fac hay r\u00e8n, h\u1ee3p kim hay kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p kim. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite.<\/div>\n<div>5. Cu\u1ed9n cacbua<\/div>\n<div>V\u00f2ng cu\u1ed9n cacbua (c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f2ng cu\u1ed9n cacbua vonfram) d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9n l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p luy\u1ec7n kim b\u1ed9t s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cacbua vonfram v\u00e0 coban l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Cu\u1ed9n cacbua xi m\u0103ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9n monobloc v\u00e0 combi. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cao, ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng va \u0111\u1eadp cao.<\/div>\n<div>V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e9p, c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1eaft th\u00e9p li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00e1n; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n t\u1eaft m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00e1n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng th\u00eam t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00e1n Tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 th\u00e9p c\u00e1n. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cu\u1ed9n v\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y.<\/div>\n<div>Cu\u1ed9n cacbua \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thanh, thanh d\u00e2y, thanh c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch v\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, ch\u1ed1ng m\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao, gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n. Theo s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i cu\u1ed9n gi\u00e1, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u00f2ng cu\u1ed9n cacbua kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/div>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/141d2f_1030f0fa24ba45f08a4bd5565374c02amv2-1.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"\"><\/p>\n<div>6. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n cacbua xi m\u0103ng<\/div>\n<div>Cacbua cu\u1ed9n<\/div>\n<div>Ring N\u00f3 ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1909 sau khi ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 luy\u1ec7n kim b\u1ed9t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn kim lo\u1ea1i. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd cacbua ch\u1ebft \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1918, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 k\u00edch th\u00edch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c nhau. Rolls cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n cacbua xi m\u0103ng l\u00e0 sau n\u0103m 1960. N\u0103m 1964, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y d\u00e2y xo\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Morgen \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra m\u1eaft, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n d\u00e2y l\u00ean g\u1ea5p 4 l\u1ea7n. Do m\u00e1y c\u00e1n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t cao, n\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n gang v\u00e0 c\u00e1n th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 k\u00e9m, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a r\u00e3nh c\u00e1n ng\u1eafn, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 d\u1ee1 t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y c\u00e1n b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. C\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9n cacbua k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p. Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 200 b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u00e1n ki\u1ec3u Morgan, ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m t\u1ea5n cu\u1ed9n cacbua xi m\u0103ng.<\/div>\n<div>7. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cu\u1ed9n cacbua<\/div>\n<div>Cu\u1ed9n h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t \u00edt theo nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng \u1edf 700 \u00b0 C g\u1ea5p 4 l\u1ea7n th\u00e9p t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao; m\u00f4 \u0111un \u0111\u00e0n h\u1ed3i, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e9n, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng g\u1ea5p 1 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5. Do t\u00ednh d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t cao c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u00e0 ng\u1eafn, do \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n c\u00f3 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ng\u1eafn. Do \u0111\u00f3, cu\u1ed9n h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 m\u1ecfi l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9n th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5.<\/div>\n<div>Cu\u1ed9n cacbua xi m\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cacbua xi m\u0103ng. Ch\u00fang d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kim lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda (WC, TaC, TiC, NbC, v.v.) v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp (Co, Fe, Ni). Pha li\u00ean k\u1ebft, m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 g\u1ed1m kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng luy\u1ec7n kim b\u1ed9t. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng cao, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n cao. \u0110\u00f4i khi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n, h\u00e3y th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng niken, crom v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c.<\/div>\n<div>Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n cacbua xi m\u0103ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i pha li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u00e0 pha ma tr\u1eadn, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t cacbua vonfram. H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t cacbua vonfram t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i cacbua kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c l\u1edbp cacbua n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c nhau. Cacbua vonfram chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 70% \u0111\u1ebfn 90% trong t\u1ed5ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong cacbua xi m\u0103ng, v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 0,2 \u0111\u1ebfn 14 \u03bcm. N\u1ebfu h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh kim lo\u1ea1i t\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a cacbua vonfram t\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a cacbua xi m\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n t\u0103ng. \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n u\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n cacbua xi m\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t h\u01a1n 2200 MPa, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n va \u0111\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t (4-6) \u00d7 106 J \/ m2, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng HRA c\u1ee7a Rockwell l\u00e0 78-90.<\/div>\n<div>Cu\u1ed9n cacbua xi m\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i: cu\u1ed9n cacbua r\u1eafn v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9n cacbua t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9n h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y thanh d\u00e2y t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao (bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c khung gi\u1ea3m c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 cu\u1ed9n pinch). C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9n cacbua composite \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb cacbua xi m\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng cu\u1ed9n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p cacbua xi m\u0103ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9n composite cacbua r\u1eafn. V\u00f2ng con l\u0103n composite h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn tr\u00ean tr\u1ee5c con l\u0103n; con l\u0103n composite cacbua r\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fac v\u00f2ng l\u0103n cacbua tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o tr\u1ee5c con l\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00e1n c\u00f3 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng l\u0103n l\u1edbn.<\/div>\n<div>8. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cu\u1ed9n cacbua xi m\u0103ng<\/div>\n<div>Quy tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Rolls cacbua composite<\/div>\n<div>1. \u0110\u00fac v\u00f2ng h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng<\/div>\n<div>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng cu\u1ed9n composite cacbua t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p m\u1edbi (CIC, CAST IN CARBIDE). K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac v\u00f2ng cacbua v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng b\u1ecdc b\u00ean trong b\u1eb1ng gang d\u1ebbo. V\u00f2ng l\u0103n v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c l\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f3a. Trong k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i n\u00e0y, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ef1c cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u1edf l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng cu\u1ed9n composite ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u0103n, v\u00e0 m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb s\u1eaft d\u1ec5 u\u1ed1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u1edf l\u1edbp b\u00ean trong . \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n composite CIC:<\/div>\n<div>(1) Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp composite gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng cu\u1ed9n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng l\u0103n l\u1edbn;<\/div>\n<div>(2) Kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa v\u00f2ng l\u0103n v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c l\u0103n th\u00f4ng qua kh\u1edbp n\u1ed1i, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ea3i l\u1ea1nh d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m g\u00e3y ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u0103n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n;<\/div>\n<div>(3) Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khe h\u1edf gi\u1eefa b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng l\u0103n v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c l\u0103n, gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng l\u0103n do s\u1ef1 \u0103n m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t.<\/div>\n<div>S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00f2ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p CIC \u0111\u00fac t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p m\u1edbi gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 luy\u1ec7n kim b\u1ed9t v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00fac. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ed1ng m\u00f2n composite tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9n.<\/div>\n<div>2. V\u00f2ng b\u1ed9t luy\u1ec7n kim WC<\/div>\n<div>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u00f2ng cacbua xi m\u0103ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n th\u00e9p v\u1edbi b\u1ed9t Ni v\u00e0 Cr, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 luy\u1ec7n kim b\u1ed9t. \u0110i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e9n v\u00e0 thi\u00eau k\u1ebft b\u1ed9t cacbua xi m\u0103ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fac v\u00e0 thi\u00eau k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00e9p \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i luy\u1ec7n kim v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc gi\u1eefa cacbua xi m\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u00e9p. Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u00eau k\u1ebft 1100-1200 \u00b0 C v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00e1p su\u1ea5t 100-120 MPa, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng thi\u00eau k\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e1m, gi\u1ea3m c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, v.v., v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc xe cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh.<\/div>\n<div>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ma tr\u1eadn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t d\u01b0 gi\u1eefa cacbua xi m\u0103ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n th\u00e9p trong v\u00f2ng cu\u1ed9n composite c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 luy\u1ec7n kim b\u1ed9t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi trong vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cu\u1ed9n.<\/div>\n<div>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00f2ng h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng<\/div>\n<div>Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng, v\u00f2ng l\u0103n WC ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t l\u0103n, \u0103n m\u00f2n n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng va \u0111\u1eadp. So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng cu\u1ed9n WC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00f2ng cu\u1ed9n \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng cu\u1ed9n V\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00e9m, v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng l\u0103n d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00f2ng cu\u1ed9n h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, v\u00f2ng cu\u1ed9n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u LGM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gradient ch\u1ed1ng b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n (LGM).<\/div>\n<div>C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh v\u00e0 oxy v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cacbua xi m\u0103ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c oxit kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 sunfua kim lo\u1ea1i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh (t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng Co3O4 v\u00e0 CoS) tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n kim lo\u1ea1i. Co3O4 v\u00e0 CoS c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t. C\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 v\u00f2ng cu\u1ed9n LGM \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng sunfua v\u00e0 oxit trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gradient c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ma s\u00e1t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1n, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng cu\u1ed9n trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u0103n l\u1edbn v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t ngang. Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng cu\u1ed9n l\u00e0 1,5 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi v\u00f2ng cu\u1ed9n h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0i v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9n, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/div>\n<div>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 CIC, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00f2ng cu\u1ed9n cacbua H6T xi m\u0103ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi pha li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u00edt nh\u1ea5t, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng pha li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 6 %, trong khi \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi h\u1ee3p kim th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n m\u00f2n t\u0103ng 50% Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean khung th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 khung tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cu\u1ed9n g\u1ea5p 2 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng; n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi khung \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 khung \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a r\u00e3nh. , thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng con l\u0103n, do \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y.<\/div>\n<div>V\u00f2ng cu\u1ed9n CIC composite cacbua \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y thanh d\u00e2y (trung b\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n), nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y thanh (trung b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t), nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh nh\u1ecf (th\u00e9p vu\u00f4ng, th\u00e9p l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c, th\u00e9p ph\u1eb3ng, th\u00e9p g\u00f3c, vv) v\u00e0 Ba h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y -roll (nh\u01b0 thanh KOCK, gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch) \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Khi v\u00f2ng cu\u1ed9n h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n thanh d\u00e2y t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y nghi\u1ec1n thanh nh\u1ecf, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1n m\u1ed9t khe c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 g\u1ea5p 10 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9n gang th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac b\u00e0n l\u00e0. Do \u0111\u00f3, 1\/3 \u0111\u1ebfn 1\/2 cu\u1ed9n, so v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9n gang th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u0103n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n composite g\u1ea5p 20 \u0111\u1ebfn 30 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong khung gi\u1ea3m c\u0103ng \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch 3 con l\u0103n v\u00e0 khung gi\u1eafc \u1ed1ng, so v\u1edbi con l\u0103n gi\u1ea3m c\u0103ng gang th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, khi c\u00e1n \u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u0103n m\u1ed9t r\u00e3nh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n composite g\u1ea5p 20 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9n gang, v\u00e0 khi c\u00e1n \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1n r\u00e3nh \u0111\u01a1n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n composite g\u1ea5p 40 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9n gang th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/div>\n<div>\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ee3p kim v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cu\u1ed9n h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u00e2y th\u00e9p, s\u1ee3i cacbua GW30 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ee3p kim v\u00e0 cacbua xi m\u0103ng. Sau khi r\u00e8n, gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbua c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i trong h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb suy y\u1ebfu, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n u\u1ed1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n va \u0111\u1eadp c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ea1t 2672 MPa v\u00e0 18,0 J \/ cm2, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 h\u1ecfng gi\u00f2n s\u1edbm c\u1ee7a B\u00e1nh cu\u1ed1n. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a pha c\u1ee9ng trong h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3.<\/div>\n<div>Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p boron h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1edbp boron h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u00e9p, v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p kim \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p cho th\u1ea5y tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a con l\u0103n g\u1ea5p h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ee3p kim v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/div>\n<div>9. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i<\/div>\n<div>Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, cu\u1ed9n cacbua \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p v\u00ec hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sau v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cu\u1ed9n h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng:<\/div>\n<div>(1) Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tr\u1ee5c composite composite xi m\u0103ng m\u1edbi. Khi ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng nhu c\u1ea7u m\u1edbi v\u00e0 cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1ee5c, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tr\u1ee5c s\u1eaft d\u1ec5 u\u1ed1n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c l\u0103n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y, cu\u1ed9n composite cacbua hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u tr\u1ee5c l\u0103n.<\/div>\n<div>(2) Trong quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cu\u1ed9n composite, \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t d\u01b0 do s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa kim lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbp b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 l\u1edbp cacbua xi m\u0103ng l\u1edbp ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. \u1ee8ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t d\u01b0 c\u1ee7a cacbua xi m\u0103ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n composite. Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e3n n\u1edf nhi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa kim lo\u1ea1i b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 cacbua xi m\u0103ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u00ean c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, n\u00ean xem x\u00e9t nhi\u1ec7t d\u01b0 c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng cu\u1ed9n. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a stress.<\/div>\n<div>(3) V\u00ec l\u1ef1c l\u0103n, m\u00f4 men l\u0103n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9n cacbua xi m\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cu\u1ed9n h\u1ee3p kim c\u1ee9ng, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n va \u0111\u1eadp c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n. M\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1ee3p kim n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n.<\/div>\n<div>(4) Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9n cacbua kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t l\u0103n v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n do c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a WC pha c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 pha li\u00ean k\u1ebft Co \/ \u0110\u1ed3ng-Ni-. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p gi\u1eefa Cr. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u1eb7c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac n\u00e0y, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/div>\n<div>10. Lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb<\/div>\n<div>Trong c\u00e1n d\u00e2y v\u00e0 thanh cu\u1ed9n, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00f2ng cu\u1ed9n cacbua xi m\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho cu\u1ed9n gang v\u00e0 th\u00e9p h\u1ee3p kim truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t cu\u1ed9n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cu\u1ed9n cacbua s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1n s\u1ebd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng.<\/div>\n<div><a href=\"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/product-page\/tungsten-carbide-rolls\/\">Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00f2ng cu\u1ed9n cacbua vonfram ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y<\/a><\/div>\n<p><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p><!-- .vgblk-rw-wrapper --><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Continuously plastically deformed main working parts and tools on the rolling mill. The roller consists of a roller body, a roll neck and a shaft head. The roll body is the middle part of the roll that actually participates in rolling the metal. It has a smooth cylindrical or grooved surface. The roll neck is&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1859"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1859"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1859\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1859"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1859"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1859"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}