{"id":20244,"date":"2021-01-08T06:20:16","date_gmt":"2021-01-08T06:20:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/?p=20244"},"modified":"2021-01-08T06:20:34","modified_gmt":"2021-01-08T06:20:34","slug":"whats-the-process-of-iron-smelting","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/cai-gi-qua-trinh-luyen-sat\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh luy\u1ec7n s\u1eaft l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p luy\u1ec7n gang ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00f2 cao, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u1eed tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u1eed luy\u1ec7n, ... nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u00e0 gang kh\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a l\u00fd c\u1ee7a qu\u1eb7ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (kh\u1eed c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t Co, H2, C; nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, v.v. .). Ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf gang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00fac, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u luy\u1ec7n th\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Blast furnace ironmaking is the main method of modern ironmaking and an important link in iron and steel production. Due to good technical and economic indicators, simple process, large production capacity, high labor productivity and low energy consumption, iron produced by blast furnace process accounts for more than 95% of the world’s total iron production.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 luy\u1ec7n gang b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2 cao<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u00f2 cao t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u00f2 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5, b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p t\u1ea5m, v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh b\u00ean trong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f3t b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch l\u1eeda. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00f2 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n b\u00ea t\u00f4ng s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00f2 cao, qu\u1eb7ng s\u1eaft, than c\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o x\u1ec9 (\u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea1p t\u1eeb tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a l\u00f2, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed5i v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 d\u1ecdc theo chu vi c\u1ee7a l\u00f2. \u1ede nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, carbon monoxide v\u00e0 hydro \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y carbon trong than c\u1ed1c v\u00e0 oxy th\u1ed5i v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf oxy t\u1eeb qu\u1eb7ng s\u1eaft trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ed1c l\u00ean trong l\u00f2, \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eaft. S\u1eaft n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3i ra kh\u1ecfi taphole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng kh\u1eed trong qu\u1eb7ng s\u1eaft k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ee3 dung kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh x\u1ec9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3i ra t\u1eeb c\u1ea3ng x\u1ec9. Kh\u00ed sinh ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec9nh l\u00f2 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed1t l\u00f2 cao, l\u00f2 gia nhi\u1ec7t, l\u00f2 luy\u1ec7n c\u1ed1c v\u00e0 l\u00f2 h\u01a1i sau khi kh\u1eed b\u1ee5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u: qu\u1eb7ng s\u1eaft, dung m\u00f4i, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

 Qu\u1eb7ng s\u1eaft<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u1ea5u luy\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2 cao v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a qu\u1eb7ng khai th\u00e1c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u1ec1n, s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc, l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i, \u0111\u00f3ng b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho l\u00f2 cao c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea5p cao, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i qu\u1eb7ng s\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p luy\u1ec7n kim.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t<\/td>C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh<\/td>H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a S\u1eaft<\/td>\u81ea\u7136 \u542b\u94c1 \u91cf<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Hematit<\/td>Fe2O3<\/td>70%<\/td>50%~60%<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
nam ch\u00e2m<\/td>Fe3O4<\/td>72.4%<\/td>40%~70%<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
limonite<\/td>2Fe2O3 \u00b7 3H2O<\/td>59.8%<\/td>37%~55%<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Siderite<\/td>FeCo3<\/td>48.2%<\/td>\u4f4e<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

dung m\u00f4i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Gangue trong qu\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 tro trong nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a SiO2 l\u00e0 1625 \u2103 v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Al2O3 l\u00e0 2050 \u2103). Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 cao, v\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1eaft n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh l\u00f2 g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ee3 dung l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh x\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f3a l\u1ecfng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 cao v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t kh\u1ecfi kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a gang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ee3 dung, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ee3 dung c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ee3 dung d\u1ecbch axit. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ee3 dung n\u00e0o ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gang trong qu\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 tro trong nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. V\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c gang trong qu\u1eb7ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tro c\u1ee7a than c\u1ed1c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit n\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ki\u1ec1m, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ee3 dung axit \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea5u luy\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2 cao ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00e1y n\u00ean nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea5u luy\u1ec7n l\u00f2 cao. Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 than c\u1ed1c, than antraxit v\u00e0 than b\u00e1n c\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a l\u00fd: ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u1eed \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao + ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o x\u1ec9<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a luy\u1ec7n l\u00f2 cao l\u00e0 kh\u1eed s\u1eaft t\u1eeb qu\u1eb7ng s\u1eaft v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t. Trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh luy\u1ec7n, quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u1eed s\u1eaft v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o x\u1ec9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n k\u00e9o theo h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t bay h\u01a1i, ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y cacbonat, cacbon h\u00f3a v\u00e0 n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y s\u1eaft, kh\u1eed c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c, ... m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea5u luy\u1ec7n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C \uff0b O2 \u2192 CO2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 bay h\u01a1i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc; lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t bay h\u01a1i; s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y cacbonat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u1eed trong l\u00f2 cao<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea3m s\u1eaft<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong l\u00f2 cao, s\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb kh\u1eed tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb oxit h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb cao m\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed t\u1eeb oxit h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb cao th\u00e0nh oxit h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb th\u1ea5p, r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb oxit h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb th\u1ea5p th\u00e0nh s\u1eaft: Fe2O3 \u2192 Fe3O4 \u2192 FeO \u2192 Fe<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed s\u1eaft ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o kh\u00ed cacbon monoxit v\u00e0 cacbon r\u1eafn l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed cacbon monoxit th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp, v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed cacbon r\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ed5ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u1eed gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 3fe2o3 + 9co \u2192 6fe + 9co2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u1eed tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 3fe2o3 + C \u2192 2fe3o4 + Co<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cacbon h\u00f3a s\u1eaft<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

S\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eed t\u1eeb qu\u1eb7ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng r\u1eafn x\u1ed1p v\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cacbon c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p, th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 1%. Do co ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng C b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh n\u00ean khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi s\u1eaft d\u1ec5 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p kim cacbon s\u1eaft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1eaft x\u1ed1p r\u1eafn b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ea5m cacbon \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n (400 \u2103 \uff5e 600 \u2103). Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 sau: 2CO + 3Fe \u2192 Fe3C + CO2 ho\u1eb7c 3Fe (l\u1ecfng) + C (r\u1eafn) \u2192 Fe3C<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1ec9<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t trong qu\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 tro trong nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ee3 dung v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u1ecfi l\u00f2 cao. C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i x\u1ec9 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong l\u00f2 cao<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y v\u1edbi qu\u1eb7ng axit th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ee3 dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea1p v\u00e0o l\u00f2 cao \u1edf d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i, v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t cao trong ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ee3 dung kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c oxit axit trong qu\u1eb7ng. do \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ban \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 fe2sio4 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi SiO2, Al2O3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n FeO b\u1ecb kh\u1eed. Do s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a FeO trong x\u1ec9 n\u00ean nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a x\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng, x\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng (c\u0169ng l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng l\u00ean), FeO c\u00f3 trong x\u1ec9 b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t \u0111i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Cao t\u0103ng l\u00ean, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng x\u1ec9 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o l\u00f2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi luy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi qu\u1eb7ng t\u1ef1 ch\u1ea3y, do qu\u1eb7ng ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u Cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi SiO2 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit n\u00ean Cao ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c tham gia v\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o x\u1ec9 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi luy\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u00eau k\u1ebft t\u1ef1 ch\u1ea3y, Cao t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh x\u1ec9 v\u1edbi SiO2, Al2O3,\u2026 c\u00e0ng s\u1edbm trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u00eau k\u1ebft, n\u00ean h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng CaO trong x\u1ec9 nguy\u00ean sinh c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i qu\u1eb7ng n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng cao Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a x\u1ec9 c\u0169ng \u00edt thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed x\u1ec9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00f2 cao<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a luy\u1ec7n kim l\u00f2 cao l\u00e0 gang v\u00e0 s\u1eaft th\u00e9p, c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 l\u00e0 x\u1ec9, kh\u00ed v\u00e0 b\u1ee5i l\u00f2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

gang<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Gang l\u1ee3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p kim cacbon s\u1eaft v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 2% cacbon, c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9a Si, Mn, s, P v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1eaft l\u1ee3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i theo c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 gang luy\u1ec7n th\u00e9p: cacbon trong gang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf d\u1ea1ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng b\u1ea1c, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eaft tr\u1eafng; lo\u1ea1i kia l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac gang: d\u00f9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

s\u1eaft \u0111\u00e1<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

S\u1eaft v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p kim phi kim n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eaft h\u1ee3p kim (m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gang h\u1ee3p kim). C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ferroalloys, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ferrosilicon, ferromangan, ferrochrome, ferromolybdenum, ferrotungsten, v.v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

X\u1ec9, kh\u00ed v\u00e0 b\u1ee5i<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

X\u1ec9, kh\u00ed v\u00e0 b\u1ee5i l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a l\u00f2 cao. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang b\u1ecb b\u1ecf \u0111i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ironmaking methods mainly include blast furnace method, direct reduction method, smelting reduction method, etc. the principle is that the reduced pig iron is obtained by physicochemical reaction of ore in a specific atmosphere (reducing substances Co, H2, C; appropriate temperature, etc.). In addition to a small part of pig iron used for casting, the vast…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":20246,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/\u56fe\u72471.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20244"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20244"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20244\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20246"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20244"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20244"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20244"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}