{"id":20442,"date":"2021-03-09T06:35:47","date_gmt":"2021-03-09T06:35:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/?p=20442"},"modified":"2021-03-09T06:36:32","modified_gmt":"2021-03-09T06:36:32","slug":"non-metallic-inclusions-in-steel-and-methods-to-identify-them","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/phi-kim-loai-bao-trong-thep-va-phuong-phap-xac-dinh-chung\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t phi kim lo\u1ea1i trong th\u00e9p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00fang"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

T\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t phi kim lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t phi kim lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh do s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t oxy, l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh v\u00e0 nit\u01a1 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 th\u00e9p l\u1ecfng. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m ho\u1eb7c bao g\u1ed3m phi kim lo\u1ea1i. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t trong th\u00e9p \u00edt nh\u01b0ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e9p. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e9p ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng kh\u1eaft khe. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t phi kim lo\u1ea1i s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ebf li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Ngu\u1ed3n t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t phi kim lo\u1ea1i trong th\u00e9p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 h\u00f3a r\u1eafn c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p. Theo c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 v\u00f9i n\u1ed9i sinh (b\u00ean trong) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t ngo\u1ea1i sinh (b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

bao g\u1ed3m n\u1ed9i sinh<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i sinh \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh luy\u1ec7n th\u00e9p, \u0111\u00fac v\u00e0 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5, ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac gi\u1eefa th\u00e9p v\u00e0 b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt ch\u1ee9a trong l\u00f2, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a do gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00f2a tan khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p l\u1ecfng gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

bao g\u1ed3m n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp t\u00ecnh c\u1edd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y, \u0111\u00fac, t\u1eeb thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a b\u1ecb bong ra v\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u00e0o th\u00e9p l\u1ecfng c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u00f4i khi do s\u01a1 su\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea5u ch\u1ea3y, g\u1ea1ch ch\u1ecbu l\u1eeda b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t v\u00e0 r\u01a1i ra do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi\u1ec7t, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u00f4x\u00edt kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t l\u1ea1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2. \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e9p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1, \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y, c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Khi l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p, th\u00e9p s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00f2n n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 n\u1ee9t do n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y ho\u1eb7c m\u1ec1m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng n\u00f3ng. Khi th\u00e9p c\u00f3 l\u1eabn nh\u00f4m ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c nitrit kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft v\u00e0 m\u00e0i. Khi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ebd g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n l\u1edbn cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u00e0n nh\u01b0 l\u1edbp th\u1ea5m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u trong nhi\u1ec7t luy\u1ec7n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m \u0111i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb n\u1ee9t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng kim lo\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng kim lo\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac tinh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi quang h\u1ecdc kim lo\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng kim lo\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, d\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1eb7n v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c m\u1eabu kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u1eabu b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t phi kim lo\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00f4i r\u00e8n, m\u1eabu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1eeb t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e9p c\u1ee7a ph\u00f4i r\u00e8n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u, gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 \u0111u\u00f4i c\u1ee7a tr\u1ed1ng r\u00e8n; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e9p cu\u1ed9n v\u00e0 th\u00e9p k\u00e9o ngu\u1ed9i, m\u1eabu ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e2m; \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t, v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t r\u00e8n, c\u00e1n n\u00f3ng, d\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y do m\u1ecfi, c\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu t\u1ea1i v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t v\u00e0 v\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9t; \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn th\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u C\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea5y nh\u00e1m kim lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb th\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecbn s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0i m\u1eabu. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0i ti\u1ebfp theo ph\u1ea3i vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi v\u1ebft m\u00e0i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi v\u1ebft m\u00e0i bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n qua l\u1ea1i b\u00e1n k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u0129a \u0111\u00e1nh b\u00f3ng v\u1edbi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u1eabu c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quay li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u1eabu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00ecn 100 l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bong tr\u00f3c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebft n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ed1, m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c sulfua c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo cao, c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n m\u00e0u x\u00e1m v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng (chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \/ chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng), th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00f2n; ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn alumin kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng nh\u1ecf (th\u01b0\u1eddng <3), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u00e0u \u0111en ho\u1eb7c xanh lam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng d\u1ecdc theo h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0103n (\u00edt nh\u1ea5t ba h\u1ea1t); silicat c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo cao, v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng C\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0u \u0111en ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1m \u0111en \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u2265 3), nh\u00ecn chung c\u00f3 g\u00f3c nh\u1ecdn \u1edf cu\u1ed1i; oxit h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, c\u00f3 g\u00f3c c\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c tr\u00f2n, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng nh\u1ecf (th\u01b0\u1eddng <3), m\u00e0u \u0111en ho\u1eb7c xanh lam, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u; t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u h\u1ea1t \u0111\u01a1n c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n tr\u00f2n, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u2265 13 \u03bc M.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Non metallic inclusions mainly come from various types of non-metallic inclusion compounds formed by the corresponding increase of the equilibrium constants of oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen compounds in the process of liquid steel condensation. The products formed by chemical reaction should be called non-metallic inclusion or inclusion for short. Although the amount of inclusions in…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":20444,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/srchttp_2F2Fwww.csrqys.com2Fzb_users2Fupload2F20182F052F20180523092507_12631.jpgreferhttp_2F2Fwww.csrqys.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20442"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20442"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20442\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20444"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20442"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20442"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20442"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}