{"id":3971,"date":"2019-06-12T08:48:19","date_gmt":"2019-06-12T08:48:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/?p=3971"},"modified":"2020-05-07T02:03:35","modified_gmt":"2020-05-07T02:03:35","slug":"what-is-cast-iron","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/what-is-cast-iron\/","title":{"rendered":"Gang l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p gia c\u00f4ng kim lo\u1ea1i, Gang ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u quen thu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gang l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p kim s\u1eaft c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a h\u01a1n 2.1% carbon v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf Si, Mn, S v\u00e0 P. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a gang th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi th\u00e9p \u0111\u00fac. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00fac tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 s\u1ed1c, ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gia c\u00f4ng c\u1eaft. Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"b\u1ec3
b\u1ec3 1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i gang<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a gang ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 Fe v\u00e0 Fe3C. Carbon t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong gang ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf d\u1ea1ng xi m\u0103ng v\u00e0 than ch\u00ec. Do \u0111\u00f3, theo c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a carbon trong gang, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 gang tr\u1eafng<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

C t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf d\u1ea1ng xi m\u0103ng (Fe3C), v\u00e0 v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 gi\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft. Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m th\u00e9p, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ecbu m\u00e0i m\u00f2n cao (cu\u1ed9n, l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u00e0y)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2 gang x\u00e1m<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ea1ng C hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 l\u00e0 than ch\u00ec (G) v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t c\u00f3 m\u00e0u x\u00e1m \u0111en.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gang x\u00e1m l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fac t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Than ch\u00ec tr\u00ean gang x\u00e1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia ma tr\u1eadn. Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a than ch\u00ec s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a gang, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb r\u00e8n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a than ch\u00ec c\u0169ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u00fac gang, h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 s\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Than ch\u00ec tr\u00ean gang x\u00e1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia ma tr\u1eadn. Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a than ch\u00ec s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a gang, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb r\u00e8n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a than ch\u00ec c\u0169ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u00fac gang, h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 s\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed3 h\u1ecda h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a gang<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed carbon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a t\u1eeb gang \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh than ch\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 graphit h\u00f3a. Nh\u1eefng graphit n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c austenite ho\u1eb7c thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y xi m\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, than ch\u00ec trong gang x\u00e1m v\u00e0 gang nghi\u1ec1n h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. Than ch\u00ec c\u1ee7a gang d\u1ec5 u\u1ed1n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y xi m\u0103ng trong gang tr\u1eafng sau khi \u1ee7 l\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Gang x\u00e1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, trong khi gang tr\u1eafng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb, lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a gang ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tri\u1ec3n khai: C v\u00e0 SI \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, S b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, Mn b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf, P b\u1ecb th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh: L\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh ch\u1eadm c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh graphit h\u00f3a. K\u1ebft t\u1ee7a carbon \u1edf d\u1ea1ng G. X\u00e1m s\u1eaft d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean F thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i qu\u00e1 nhanh, C k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng xi m\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gang tr\u1eafng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"2\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gang x\u00e1m<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a than ch\u00ec trong gang x\u00e1m, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gang x\u00e1m: v\u1ea3y than ch\u00ec<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gang d\u1ec5 u\u1ed1n: than ch\u00ec l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft t\u1ee5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1eaft d\u1ec5 u\u1ed1n: Than ch\u00ec h\u00ecnh c\u1ea7u<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gang graphit gang: than ch\u00ec vermicular<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.Gray gang<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i than ch\u00ec. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m than ch\u00ec tr\u00ean ma tr\u1eadn th\u00e9p ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a ma tr\u1eadn, l\u00e0m cho c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e9n c\u1ee7a gang x\u00e1m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p. Do \u0111\u00f3, gang x\u00e1m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 v\u00f2ng bi, th\u00e2n m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, v.v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"b\u00e1nh
1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2. Gang d\u1ec5 u\u1ed1n<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac t\u1eeb gang th\u00e0nh gang tr\u1eafng, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p graphit h\u00f3a \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y xi m\u0103ng th\u00e0nh than ch\u00ec k\u1ebft t\u1ee5. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi gang x\u00e1m, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e8n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n va \u0111\u1eadp, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e9p carbon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. S\u1eaft d\u1ec5 u\u1ed1n<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

S\u1eaft d\u1ec5 u\u1ed1n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u00e9p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thay cho th\u00e9p \u0111\u00fac v\u00e0 th\u00e9p r\u00e8n. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ecbu m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u1edbi t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 tr\u1ee5c khu\u1ef7u, thanh n\u1ed1i, b\u00e1nh r\u0103ng, tr\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh, v.v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. gang than ch\u00ec<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Gang graphit gang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o s\u1eaft n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p luy\u1ec7n gang. Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m than ch\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m than ch\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00f9n. N\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gang c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 cao m\u1edbi. S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi gang \u0111\u00fac, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00f2n cao. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fac t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 t\u00ednh d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 gang x\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e2y gi\u1edd n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong b\u1ed9 trao \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao, xi lanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong, l\u00f3t xi lanh, khu\u00f4n ph\u00f4i, van th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u00fac kh\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 cao t\u1ea7ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

For most guys working in the industry of metal machining, Cast iron must be a kind of familiar material. What is cast iron? First of all, it’s a sort of ferro-carbon alloy that contains more than 2.11% of carbon and small amounts of Si, Mn, S, and P. The mechanical properties of cast iron are…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":19468,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[79],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/1-5.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3971"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3971"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3971\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19468"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3971"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3971"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.meetyoucarbide.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3971"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}